Oriental Art Essay -- Essays Papers

eastern ArtOriental graphics is in truth distinct from other parts of the world. In their sculptures they still used such materials as clay, wood, and bronzes. However their art employ promoted such things as goodness in nature, serenity, graceful balance, spiritual perfection, and a mystical harmony within themselves. on that point work avoided confusion, conflict and violent emotions at all costs. New or unprecedented experiments in their art work was never welcomed, and the expression of nobility and midland worth where demanded. Ultimately oriental art was said to be a way of being, but to understand this you must look at the oral communication of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius who said encourage yourself to the pleasing. However not all Oriental art is the same, and to see the difference and the influences of their art you need to look at the areas of mainland China, Japan, and Korea.The Neolithic inhabitants of China were energetic in their pottery, and w here the first to practice this art, in which China has remained supreme in until recent times. Not very much is known about the earlier Chinese craftsman or the society that produced them, other than the fact that they lived in pounded earth settlements in northern Honan, Shangtung, and Kansu. These archaean craftsman created fine pottery, and especially beautiful vessels for funerals which where used for food and other provisions for the dead. These craftsmen where taught to honor the five rulers who had taught their forefathers h... Oriental Art Essay -- Essays PapersOriental ArtOriental art is very distinct from other parts of the world. In their sculptures they still used such materials as clay, wood, and bronzes. However their art work promoted such things as goodness in nature, serenity, graceful balance, spiritual perfection, and a mystical harmony within themselves. There work avoided confusion, conflict and violent emotions at all costs. New or unpr ecedented experiments in their art work was never welcomed, and the expression of nobility and inner worth where demanded. Ultimately oriental art was said to be a way of being, but to understand this you must look at the words of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius who said Raise yourself to the beautiful. However not all Oriental art is the same, and to see the difference and the influences of their art you need to look at the areas of China, Japan, and Korea.The Neolithic inhabitants of China were energetic in their pottery, and where the first to practice this art, in which China has remained supreme in until recent times. Not very much is known about the earliest Chinese craftsman or the society that produced them, other than the fact that they lived in pounded earth settlements in northern Honan, Shangtung, and Kansu. These early craftsman created fine pottery, and especially beautiful vessels for funerals which where used for food and other provisions for the dead. T hese craftsmen where taught to honor the five rulers who had taught their forefathers h...

The Treaty of Versailles :: World War I History

The conformity of VersaillesDespite Woodrow Wilsons plan for peace near the end of World War I, he failed to gain Congressional sustainment for the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was intended to be a peace agreement between the Allies and the Germans. However, once the negotiation of the Treaty, the Allies found they had conflicting ideas and motives contact the reparations and wording of the Treaty. The Treaty formally placed the responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies and imposed on Germany the burden of paying the debts of war. In addition to orthogonal electric resistance, Wilson couldnt even gain support for the treaty in the United States. Because of weaknesses in the treaty, domestic opposition, and failure to compromise, the treaty gained very little congressional support. The Treaty of Versailles was very controversial. Some countries opposed the treaty due to multiple weaknesses. For example, the Treaty humiliated Germany. The war-guilt cla use forces Germany to accept sole responsibility for World War I. And although German militarism had play a major role in igniting the war, other countries in Europe had been guilty of provoking diplomatic crises before the war. Another weakness in the Treaty was that Russian government felt that the Treaty ignored its needs. In the Treaty, Russia was excluded from the peace conference, even though Russians had fought with the Allies for three year, and suffered higher casualties than any other country. thither was also much dispute concerning the distribution of territory in the Treaty. The Treaty of Versailles established nine new countries, and changed many boundaries, and there was debate about the fairness. on that point was also much opposition to the treaty in the United States, which is what Woodrow Wilson faces when he returned with the treaty. Some people, including Herbert Hoover, believed it was too harsh. Others didnt think the treaty really did any good because it shi fted the flock of colonial rulers to another set, instead of eliminating the imperialism. Also, some minorities objected to the treaty because the new boundaries it established for some countries didnt satisfy their demands for independence. For example, Wilson hadnt tried to obtain Irelands independence from Great Britain. Most of all, the opposition to the treaty in the United States was the debate over the League of Nations. A few opponents believed that the League of Nations threatened the U.S. foreign policy of staying clear of European affairs, the Monroe Doctrine.

Existentialism Essay -- Analysis, Jean-Paul Sartre

In his 1946 essay Existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre undertakes the task of defending existentialism against what he defines as heydays (341) brought against it. Sartre begins to outline the trip outs brought against existentialism and further, existentialists. Following the medieval quaestio-form, Sartre begins with the statement of the objection, a short discussion, and then his reply to each. The first of the charges is that of quietism. First, it has been charged with inviting people to remain in a kind of desperate quietism because, since no solutions are possible, we should have to consider action in this world as quite impossible (341). Historically, quietism was a Christian philosophical system that advocated withdrawal from worldly activities for passive and constant contemplation of God. The Roman Catholic Church officially decreed quietism to be heresy. The Christians then raise the objection that existentialism focuses on the hopelessness of the human situation and as a result, the philosophy leaves little ambition for action. The next of these objections is that of dwelling on human degradation, with pointing up everywhere the sordid, shady, and slimy, and neglecting the gracious and beautiful, the bright side of human nature (341) As Sartre explains, the objection is essentially that existentialisms focuses on the evil or dreary side of life.The third charge made against existentialism is that of isolation. (FINISH QUOTE)having ignored human solidarity, with considering man as an isolated being. (341) The objection is that existentialism ignores human solidarity and examines human beings as individuals. The fourth and final charge laid against existentialism is that of arbitrariness. we are charged w... ...o pass judgment on others, because theres no reason to prefer one configuration to another(prenominal) (360). one can still pass judgment, for, as I have said, one makes a choice in relationship to others. First, one can measure (and this is perhaps not a judgment of value, but logical judgment) that certain choices are based on error and others on truth (362). The final hero charge is that everything is arbitrary in this choosing of yours. You take something from one pocket and pretend youre putting it into the other. (360) Sartre explains, if Ive discarded God the Father, there has to be individual to invent values, (365) and that to say that we invent values means postcode else but this life has no meaning a priori. Before you come alive, life is nothing its up to you to give it a meaning and value is nothing else but the meaning that you choose (365).

Ethnicity and Group Rights :: Sociology Race Gender Essays

Ethnicity and Group RightsABSTRACT Recent developments in biology cast off made it possible to acquire more(prenominal) and more precise information concerning our genetic makeup. There are four groups of people who may want to know about our genes. First, we ourselves can have an lodge in in being aware of own health status. Second, there are people who are genetically linked with us, and who can have an interest in the knowledge. Third, individuals with whom we have contracts and economic arrangements may have an interest in knowing about our genetic makeup. Fourth, society as a whole can have an interest in the composition of our genes. As regards the question of motivation, the term should can be interpreted in three ways. Prudentially speaking, to say that individuals should act in a authorized manner is to say that the actions in question promote the long-term self-interest of these individuals. From the viewpoint of morality, we should do what is right and avoid doing what is wrong. When it comes to legal thinking, it is held in most braggy societies that grave other-regarding harm should be the primary justification for the use of coercion and constraint. In the paper, all these aspects are examined in more detail. In multicultural westerly societies more and more frequently members of ethnic minority groups behave and act in ways which the absolute majority find different, strange or alien, sometimes even irrational, threatening or immoral. Differences in action and behaviour range, for instance, from clothing and fashion accessories to the observance of religious holidays and the mutilation of the human body.The question that I propose to address in this paper is How should the majority respond to these differences? Should the reaction be tolerant and permissive? Or should it be cautious and restrictive? Should the majority hold that individuals are entitled to act as they wish unless their actions inflict harm on other people? Or should they t hink that ethnic groups as collectives have rights which ought not to be violated by constraints on the behaviour of their members?The questions concerning the group rights of minorities have recently been discussed in considerable detail in the frameworks of communitarianism and deontological liberalism. However, the difficulty with these approaches is that they presuppose complicated and sometimes metaphysically and ideologically loaded accounts of liberty, personal identity and interpersonal relationships. I have therefore opted for a simpler and more accessible starting point.

A Comparison of Barna di Siena’s Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine and

A Comparison of Barna di Sienas Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine and Rogier van der Weydens Saint Luke selective service the Virgin and Child Development in art often follows two tracks development over a period of time and also differences in regional development. Both changes are seen in the comparison of Barna di Sienas Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine and Rogier van der Weydens Saint Luke Drawing the Virgin and Child. Originating in Italy, the renascence began in the mid to late 13th century. Barna da Siena was one of the early Renaissance artists influenced by Duccio di Buoninsegna and Simone Martini. Barna di Sienas painting is dated around 1340 and Rogier van der Weydens painting was painted nearly a century later around 1435. Rogier van der Weyden had the advantage of development in perspective and modeling that developed over time, but was also from the Flemish school of art, a hyphen totally different from that of the early Italian Renaissance artists. Wha t lends these paintings so readily to comparison is the circumstance that the general symmetrical composition of two main figures and the sizes of the two are approximately the same. However, it is clear that a century and a different region has created stylise differences that are very clear.Barna di Sienas Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine exhibits a highly dramatic style that was not seen in his mentor nor in his familiar spirit student Lippo Memmis work. The symmetric composition consists of two main figures, Saint Catherine and the adult Jesus. In the painting, Jesus is seen placing a ring on Saint Catherines finger and taking her as his spiritual bride. Both figures appear to be very light and frail and the draperies they wear do not show the gentlemans gentleman f... ...rlapping figures, relative positioning from the ground line and also the illusion of making parallel lines join somewhere far away in the distance.These two paintings spiel typical examples from 14th century Italian artist, Barna da Siena, and 15th century Flemish artist, Rogier van der Weyden. Both images depict two main characters in a rather symmetrical composition and are of large size. However, it is clear that over a century and different region the stylized differences are very clear. Realism, the style of Flemish artists at the time, with all of its detail, is quite different from the large, flat shapes of color in Barna da Sienas painting. Just by looking at the two, it is bare that the second painting is more advanced and developed. Art continues developing along different tracks today and who knows what art will develop into in the future.

The Life of Ansel Adams :: Photography Photographers Essays

The Life of Ansel AdamsPresident Jimmy Carter, in presenting Ansel Adams with the Presidential medal of Freedom, best describes the life and work of Ansel Adams. At one with the power of the American grace, and renowned for the patient skill and magazineless beauty of his work, photographer Ansel Adams has been visionary in his efforts to preserve this countrys wild and scenic areas, both on film and on earth. Drawn to the beauty of natures monuments, he is regarded by environmentalists as a monument himself, and by photographers as a national institution. It is through his foresight and fortitude that so much of America has been saved for future Americans. Ansel Adams has long been hailed as a noble of photography. Environmentalist and photographer, he was born February 20th, 1902 in San Francisco California to Charles Hitchcock Adams. He was the grandson of a wealthy timer baron and he grew up in the sand dunes of the prosperous Gate Bridge. His familys fortune diminished duri ng the financial panic of 1907 and his father Charles spent the rest of his life trying to rebuild it. In 1906 at the age of 4, Ansel was thrown to the ground during an aftershock of the great San Francisco earthquake and broke his nose, scarring him for life in the process. This physical characteristic along with a natural shyness also led to the materialization Ansel having problems in fitting in at school. After trying several schools with little success, his parents took him out of main stream schooling in 1915 and Ansel received cornerstone tutoring from an aunt and his father. As a result of not attending school, the young Adams had a lot more time to himself and he used much of this time on long walks around the Golden Gate area. It was here that his life-long love of nature grew and it was perhaps this that put him on his path to becoming a landscape photographer. In 1916 there was another event that was to be pivotal in shaping Adams future. On a family vacation to Yos emite National Park, California his parents gave him a Kodak nook Brownie camera. He was to return to Yosemite again every year for the rest of his life. This summer I had the opportunity to live where many of these Yosemite and other pictures were taken. One of his almost famous photographs was of the many curves of the Snake River, with the picturesque Grand Teton Mountains in the background.

The Battle of Shiloh

The mesh of Shiloh (also known as the difference of opinion of Pittsburgh Landing), was known to be a study battle in the American urbane War. It was fought on April 6 and April 7, 1862 in southwesterlyern Tennessee, where forces under Confederate prevalents Albert Sidney Johnston and P. G. T. Beauregard staged a surprise attack against the married couple Army troops of Major General Ulysses S. Grant and almost thwarted his military units. The mesh of Shiloh was also regarded as the costliest military engagement indoors the American Civil War.The American Civil War stemmed from the convoluted issues of bondage and clashing perspectives on federalism, party politics, expansionism, sectionalism, economics and modernization during the Antebellum Period, or the turbulent years prior to the American Civil War. The Antebellum Period saw the emergence of the Industrial whirling in America. Much of the nations growth was brought about by technological advancements, a large Brit ish demand for cotton and a wave of Midwestern settlement that created opportunities for regional specialization and trade.However, the Industrial Revolution in America also institutionalized black slavery. Large cotton plantations were labor-intensive, creating a huge need for slave workers. At the height of cotton exertion in the United States, about 40% of the southwardern community consisted of black slaves. The percentage of slaves rose as high as 64% in South Carolina in 1720 and 55% in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. All in every(prenominal), more than 36% of all the New World slaves in 1825 were in the Confederate United States.These slaves were subjected to abysmal working and living conditions such as starvation, poor housing inadequate clothing allowances, overwork and physical and sexual abuse from their masters. many a(prenominal) Northerners, especially the leaders of the Republican Party ( realised in 1854), considered slavery a grave social ill and believed that owners of large Southern plantations were responsible for its promotion. becalm Southerners were sort of worried about the relative political decline of their region because the North was more progressive in terms of population and industrial output.As the North and the Souths societies diverged, so did their regional identities. The North enjoyed a rapidly growing economy brought about by family farms, industry, mining, commerce and transportation, with a fast-growing urban population (fed by a high birth rate and large numbers of European immigrants) and no slavery outside the Border States. Meanwhile, the South was dominated by the settled plantation system operated through with(predicate) slavery, with a rapid population growth based on high birth rates and low immigration from Europe.Overall, the Northern population grew much more quickly than the Southern population, which made it increasingly difficult for the South to continue its dominance of the national government. Al though slave owners controlled the regions politics and economics, two-thirds of the Southern whites who were select into public office did non own slaves and were usually engaged in subsistence agriculture. Hence, it was unclear if they would support the plantation owners in perpetuating slavery.Both the North and the South were influenced by the ideas of doubting Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Indep dyingence. The South emphasized the demesnes rights (from the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions) and the right of revolution (from the Declaration of Independence), while the North emphasized Jeffersons settlement that all men are created equal. However, the coexistence of a slave-owning South with an increasingly anti-slavery North made conflict unavoidable.The Compromise of 1850 was enacted as an attempt to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Although the Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state (a state in the antebellum United States where slavery was either prohibited or eliminated over time) due to the California Gold Rush of 1849, it ruled that the stipulation of the rest of the territories acquired from the Mexican-American War (Utah, Nevada, Texas and parts of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona) will be determined through popular sovereignty.Hence, debates over sectionalism and the Fugitive Slave Laws (at set of laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the re turn over of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory) became prevalent. In 1845, the Kansas-Nebraska Act dictated that each new state of the articulation will decide its stance on slavery. This proved to be disastrous for Kansas, as it was home to both pro- and anti-slavery factions, with the former emerging victorious on the slavery debate.The tension between the two p arties had already escalated to the point that the admission of Kansas into the Union in 1861 led to the surfacing of numerous anti-abolitionist movements that espouse racist sentiments that are still prevalent up to this day. Abraham Lincoln, an outspoken obstructor of slavery in the United States, was elected president in 1860. After he assumed the presidency, 11 Southern states seceded from the Union between late 1860 and 1861 and established a rebel government, the Confederate States of America, on February 9, 1861.On April 12, 1861, Confederate General P. G. T. Beauregard opened fire upon Fort Sumter in South Carolina, marking the start of the American Civil War. However, with the loss of Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862, Johnston disengaged his demoralized Confederate forces into west Tennessee, northern Mississippi and Alabama to reorganize. As a response, Grant transported his 58,000-strong Army of West Tennessee into southwest Tennessee from March 1 to April 5, 18 62. He then settled at Pittsburgh Landing and waited for Major General Don Carlos Buells Army of the Ohio from Nashville.According to instructions from Union Major General Henry W. Halleck, Grant and Buells forces will merge in a joint offensive to seize the Memphis-Charleston railway. It was the Confederacys most reliable render route, linking the lower Mississippi Valley to cities on the Confederacys east coast. In order to defend the Memphis-Charleston Railroad, Johnston and Beauregard transported 55,000 Confederates to Corinth as early as March 1, 1862. Corinth was the western Confederacys most meaning(a) rail junction, as it was strategically located where the Memphis-Charleston crossed the Mobile-Ohio Railroad.Realizing that Buell would soon reinforce Grant, Johnston advanced towards Pittsburg Landing on April 3, 1862 with his newly-christened Army of the Mississippi. However, rain and bad roads delay his advance. Johnston launched a surprise attack on the Federals on the d awn of April 6, 1862. Being unfortified, the Federals were easily surrounded. By mid-morning, the Confederates managed to overrun one frontline Union division and capture its camp. But Johnstons brigade met stiff resistance from the Federal right, which resulted in a savage fight around Shiloh Church.Johnstons army battered the Federal right all throughout the day. Although the Federal right did not give in, numerous casualties ensued. Johnston died at mid-afternoon after he was struck down by a stray sens while directing the action on the Confederate right. Meanwhile, Johnstons contiguous assault was mired in front of Sarah Bells peach orchard and the dense oak brushing the Confederates labeled as the Hornets Nest. For seven crucial hours, Grants left border endured Confederate attacks sooner being forced to yield ground later in the afternoon.The Confederates totally drove Grant towards the river, instead of away from it, despite inflicting heavy casualties and seizing ground . By dusk, the Federal survivors have established a solid front before Pittsburgh Landing and revolted the last Confederate charge. The Union finally got the upper hand on April 7, 1862. The night before, General Buells Federal Army of the Ohio reached Pittsburgh Landing and positioned itself on the Union left. The Federal Army of Ohio joined forces with a reserve division from Grants army, led by Major General Lewis Wallace. This merger added over 22,500 reinforcements into the Union lines.Despite being caught unprepared, Beauregard still managed to rally 30,000 of his badly- disorganize Confederates and stage an obstinate defense. Although Beauregards troops temporarily halted the determined Union advance, strength in numbers provided Grant with a decisive advantage. As waves of snotty-nosed Federal troops swept forward by mid-afternoon, the exhausted Confederates were pressed back to Shiloh Church. Realizing the peril his army was facing, Beauregard ordered a retreat. The greatl y disorganized Confederates withdrew to their fortified stronghold at Corinth. But the Federals still succeeded in conquering Corinth.The strife of Shiloh led to the defeat of the Confederate Army and the failure of Johnstons plans to baffle the joining of the two Union armies in Tennessee. Union casualties were estimated to have reached 13,047 (1,754 killed, 8,408 wounded, and 2,885 missing) Grants army alone led to 1,513 killed, 6,601 wounded, and 2,830 missing or captured soldiers. On the Confederates side, casualties reached up to 10,699 (1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing or captured). This total of 23,746 fatalities was estimated to be greater than those of the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War combined.The Battle of Shiloh was very crucial to the American Civil War in the finger that it secured the Unionists position on the Western front. After winning the Battle of Shiloh, Grant was able to continue his drive towards Corinth and take control of the Memphis-Charleston Railroad. The Union takeover of the Memphis-Charleston Railroad paved the way for their victory in the American Civil War. However, this victory came after three more years of bloodshed and eight larger and bloodier battles. The Battle of Shiloh also influenced the Civil War and the way it was fought in the years to come.It imparted that weighing the accomplishments of the victors equally with the lost opportunities of the defeated was an important part of any criteria for military decisiveness. Simply put, what makes a battle decisive is not only what historically happened, but also what became historically unfeasible as a result of the event. For instance, the Battle of Antietam (fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland die hard) was significant not only because it led to Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation.Rather, it was also because Confederate General Robert E. Lees forces did not remain outside Virginia long enough to affect the elections in the North or to relieve the draining manpower reserves there. Furthermore, the outcome of the 1862 Maryland Campaign failed to elicit support for an independent Southern Confederacy from politically-conscious countries such as Britain and France. In the succeeding campaigns, the Unionist soldiers applied a tactic that was very reclaimable in the Battle of Shiloh the seizure of locations that are indispensable to the Confederates.In the Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 July 4, 1863), Grant and his Army of the Tennessee attacked souther forces at Jackson, where Vicksburgs reinforcements were located. As a result, the Confederacy gave the Union total control of the Mississippi River, except for the western states (Arkansas, Los Angeles and Texas). In the battle of Atlanta Campaign (May 1864 September 1864), Grant and Major General William Tecumseh Sherman defeated the Confederates by destroying their strategic, economic, and psychological capacity for warfare.They then ordered the Union troops to burn crops, kill livestock, consume supplies, and destroy civilian infrastructure along their path. The Atlanta Campaign eventually led to the hastening of the end of the American Civil War in 1864. What is saddening about the Battle of Shiloh is that it is a war that could have been prevented in the first place. In fact, the entire American Civil War was a war that could have been prevented in the first place. But then, they both happened due to oppression, or the philosophy that a person can subjugate another because of race, creed or social status.Out of profit and a misplaced sense of racial supremacy, the whites enslaved the blacks. The end result was the American Civil War, a hostility that claimed millions of innocent lives at its wake. But what is more saddening is that people never seem to learn the mistakes of the past. Nowadays, despite advances in education and reason, discrimination and racism are still very rampant. People are still persecuted due to their beliefs, the color of their skin or their religion. Those who promote the status quo are called freedom fighters, while those who deviate from it are labeled terrorists.But they just end up waging senseless wars that kill millions of innocent people and turn the oppressed of today into the tyrants of tomorrow. Indeed, those who do not study the past are bound to repeat it.Works CitedSlavery. 2007. Encyclopedia Britannicas Guide to Black History. 20 December 2007 .The Battle of Shiloh, 1862. 2004. EyeWitness to History. 20 December 2007 . The Battle of Shiloh Official Records and Battle Description. 20 December 2003 . Timeline of the Battle of Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing). The Battle of Shiloh Official Records and Battle Description. 20 December 2003 .Beason, W. Keith. Understanding Shiloh The Death Knell of the Confederacy (Part 3). 1999. KeithStuff Homepage. 20 December 2007 .

Environmental Ethics Essay

Suppose that putting out cancel fires, culling feral animals or destroying some case-by-case members of overpopulated indigenous species is necessary for the trade protection of the integrity of a certain eco ashes. Will this actions be morally permissible or even mandatory? Is it morally permissible or even required? Is it morally acceptable for farmers in non-industrial to practice- slash and burn techniques to clear areas for agriculture? Consider a excavation company enchant has performed open pit mining in some previously unspoiled area. Does the company have moral obligation to restore the landform and surface ecology?And what is the measure of a humanly restored surroundings compared and to consume a huge shell out of the planets natural imaginativenesss. If that wrong, it is simple because a sustainable surroundings and to consume a huge portion of the planets natural resources. If that is wrong, is it simple because a sustainable environment is essential to present and future well-being? Or such behavior similarly wrong because the natural environment and or its various contents have certain values in their own right so that these values ought to be respected and protected in any case?These are among the questions investigated by environmental ethics. Some of them are specific questions faced by individuals in special(prenominal) circumstances, while others are moral global questions faced by groups and communities. Yet others are more abstract questions concerning the value and moral standing of the natural environment and its nonhuman components. In the literature on environmental ethics the distinction between instrumental value and intrinsic value( meaning non-instrumental value) has been of considerable importance.The former is the value of things as means to further some other ends. A set of rules outlining human righteousness concerning environmental ethics defines the relationship towards the surroundings, both biotic and abiotic em bodied called the environment (Blackmore,1977) Any person who has ever given a though to the need to protect and develop the environment has either implicit or overt code of ethics regarding these issues that determines everyday behavior patterns.In the same way, I also have my own values and ethics regarding environmental issues that define my responsibility to the natural environment. Although at times I can violate these values when the situation proves to be challenging, I nevertheless hold them in high steem. foremost of all , my Ethical approach is grounded in the belief that we must recognize the inherent rights of nature and natural system to survive intact (Blackmore,1997) . All besides often human beings view nature and natural system as a pleasant surrounding for their leisure time or a resource for economic activity.This is a dangerous point of view since it leads to the destruction of natural habitats through over-using, rampant pollution, depletion of resources, and the extinction of wild flora and fauna. I believe that populate in their activities should recognize preservation of natural systems as an important priority that has to be considered Along with economic efficiency and at times even reverse it. The Earth has suffered too much from the influence of humans, and it is time to give it a rest and let it recuperate from the damage.Accordingly environmental problems will consist in problems either for human interest or for the interest of the non-human animals, and an acceptable environmental ethic would have this individual interest as its grounds. Indeed those who believe that save sentient or conscious creatures have interest and that having interest is necessary for warranting moral consideration will hold that nothing else has interest on witch environmental problems could turn.Problems for ecosystems are thus held to turn invariably on the interest of sentinel or conscious individuals, and within such and ethic, priority is liabl e to be placed on averting, suffering premature death for vulnerable individuals, whether is best done by the introduction of humane methods of farming, by abstaining from eating meat by curtailing human interventions in the natural order, or even possibly by intervening to reduce the suffering inflicted by predators on prey.Millions of people are influenced by such ethic, and their approach to environmental problems would often follow the general pattern just mentioned. Others, However, suggest that environmental ethics must start somewhere sooner different. Thinking about the environment involves taking much greater account of ecological systems than such an individualist approach can do, and if we fail to understand the natural system of our planet we are likely to generate ecological catastrophes, either by neglect or through seeking to rescue individuals while the system on witch we depend is crumbling.By the time we have understood such systems, our focus will no longer be on the individual suffering or, since far more is at stake, such as the survival of whole species, and the health of the whole ecosystems We need to prioritize the Preservation and rehabilitation of species and of ecosystems. new(a) and modern Green technologies and the conservation of natural resources Oil, Gas, Land ect will have to be more regulated in as universal morality in our global economy.BibliographyAbram,D. , 1996 The spell of the sensuous, New York vintage books Michael Walzer, interpretations and social Criticism ( New York Basic Books,1988 J. Bair Callicutt, In defense of the land Ethic ( Albany utter of New York press, 1989) Eugene Hardgrove, Foundations of environmental ethics ( Englewood Cliffs Prentice hall, 1989) Samuel Hays, Conservation and the gospel of efficiency ( Cambridge, MA Harvard University press,1959)

Bibliography of Abraham Maslow

The Life of Abraham Maslow Psy 401 March 21, 2013 General Biography Abraham Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents were Judaic immigrants from Russia and he was the oldest of seven siblings. His scram was a hardcore drinker of whiskey, loved women, and would often pick fights with other people. He did not like his father, yet oer the years he learned to deal with him in a peaceful manner. On the other hand, Abraham Maslow had complete hatred for his mother throughout his whole life.As he grew older, he did not have any sympathy or love for her. It was so bad that when she passed away he did not attend her funeral. He expound his mother as a heartless, uneducated, ignorant, and aggressive individual. She did not show any sympathy towards her children and would somemultiplication drive them crazy. His anger towards his mother inspired his pursuit and passage in humanistic psychological science (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 584). He attended Boys High School an d continued his education at the City College of New York. There, he fulfilled his fathers wishes to pursue law school. afterwards attending law school and being dis satisfactory with the direction of his education, he decided to transfer to Cornell University where he was taught introductory psychology by Edward Titchner. He was not inspired by Titchners approach to psychology and decided to transfer back to City College after one semester. He also had the desire to be near his cousin Bertha Goodman, as they were very close. Maslow and Bertha attended the University of Wisconsin together. When he turned 20, he married Bertha, who was 19, despite the fact that she was his startle cousin.In Maslows eyes, his life had officially begun in Wisconsin (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586). Maslow earned his bachelors degree in 1930, his masters in 1931, and his doctorate in 1934. He became the first doctoral student of Harry Harlow, who was a swell known experimental psychologist. Maslow taught at Wisconsin before he buy the farmd to Columbia University. There, he became a research assistant for Edward Thorndike. In 1951, Maslow took the offer as chairman of the psychology department at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts.This was where he make his mark and became the leader in third force psychology. In 1968, Maslow accepted another attractive offer by the Sega Administrative Corporation, located on Stanford University. The reason for accepting this offer was payable to dissatisfaction towards his academic life and weakening health. This gave him the opportunity to think and write freely as he pleased. The life of Abraham Maslow ended on June 8, 1970, which resulted from a heart onrush at 62 years old (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 589). Historical Context During the 1960s, the United States was going through tough times.They were fighting in the Vietnam War, which was unpopular among the American citizens (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 570). A few very important figures were assassinate during their peak hours, which caused some inst office among the citizens. These figures included Martin Luther king was assassinated by James Ray (mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu) and John F. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Oswald (crdl. usg. edu). As a result, racial protests broke out among some major cities, which quickly turned violent. Hippies were also growing in popularity as they openly rebelled against others.Evidently, this was not a time period where rational philosophy or empirical philosophy was appealing (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 571). The schools of structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, mienism, and psychoanalysis existed during the 1920s and 1930s. However, by the 1950s, the school of structuralism had faded away, and the schools of functionalism and Gestalt psychology merged into other schools of psychology. Only behaviorism and psychoanalysis persisted as significant, complete schools of psychology during the 1950s and 1960s.During the tough times me ntioned earlier, many viewed the knowledge given by behaviorism and psychoanalysis as insufficient and/or inaccurate. A new viewpoint of psychology was desired, where it stressed on the human spirit, as well as the mind and the body. Behaviorism and psychoanalysis had many issues in their explanation of manhood. One of the issues with behaviorism was that it equated humans as being similar to that of robots, animals, or computers. It did not see anything unique about humans.The major issue with psychoanalysis was that it focused on people with unusual emotional behavior and sought to develop methods to help abnormal people become normal (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 574). The previous schools of psychology, according to third force psychology, lacked information that would assist healthy humans become healthier, eventually achieving their full potential. A new model was needed that focused on the positive traits rather than the negative traits of humans. As a result, third-force psychologi sts made an private road to provide this type of model.This effort began in the 1930s and 1940s when Abraham Maslow met with outstanding European psychologists (who escaped from the Nazis) in the U. S. These exceptional psychologists included Erick Fromm, Max Wertheimer, Karen Horney, and Alfred Adler. As a result, a new wave of movement, known as third-force psychology, was led by Abraham Maslow in the proterozoic 1960s. This new wave of movement was known as third-force psychology. It occurred in the early 1960s and was led by Abraham Maslow (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 576). Important AchievementsAbraham Maslow was most accountable for making humanistic psychology an established branch of psychology. With much effort put in by Maslow, he later founded the Journal of Humanistic psychology in 1961. In addition, the American Association of Humanistic Psychologists was developed in 1961 and a division of American Psychological Association (APA), Humanistic Psychology, was established in 1971 (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586). One of Maslows greatest contributions was the pecking order of inescapably. It gave us a recrudesce understanding of human motivation (www. bs. org). The hierarchy of needs, as Maslow described, arranged the needs of humans in a hierarchy. The needs kick upstairs down in the hierarchy were to a greater extent basic and similar to the needs of animals. The needs were arranged so that one has to fulfill the lower needs first in order to move onto the higher needs that follow. For instance, when the most basic needs, which were the physiological needs (such as thirst and hunger), were satisfied, a somebody may then move onto the safety needs (protection from danger or pain).When the safety needs were fulfilled, a person may then continue onto the love needs (to give love and receive love). After the love/belonging needs were satisfied, a person may then continue onto fulfilling the esteem needs (to be recognized, respected, confident, etc. ) Once a person satisfied the needs up until the esteem needs, then a person may pursue to become self-actualized. Maslow described this as the humans big businessman to apply their full potential. Some examples he gave were musicians ability to make music, the artists ability to paint, and the poets ability to write.Maslow further described self-actualization as the individuals ability to reach their potential (it is subjective). In addition, he thought that it was impossible for any human to reach their fullest potential, but were still capable of achieving self-actualization if they fulfilled the hierarchical needs (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 587). To further enhance his theory, Maslow interviewed a number of individuals he thought had reached self-actualization. These individuals were Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Albert Schweitzer, William James, Jane Addams, and Abraham Lincoln.He came to the conclusion of certain characteristics that self-actualized people obtained their perception of t he world was accurate and complete they were very much satisfied with themselves and of others they underwent indigenous and naturalness they were private and independent of their surroundings they were grateful they experienced peak moments described as extraordinary visions, feelings of ecstasy, and powerfulness, yet weakness as well they were concerned with the human race in general as opposed to only their family, relatives, and friends and they had a sense of creativity (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 87). Historical Impact In the early 1960s, a new wave of movement, led by Abraham Maslow, was known as third-force psychology (referred to as humanistic psychology). As a result, a paradigm disturb had taken place. Abraham Maslow was most accountable for making humanistic psychology an established branch of psychology. This achievement had such a strong influence in psychology because the previous schools of psychology, according to third force psychology, lacked information that would ass ist healthy humans become healthier, eventually achieving their full potential.The new model of humanistic psychology focused on the positive traits rather than the negative traits of humans. (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 576). With much effort put in by Maslow, he later founded the Journal of Humanistic Psychology in 1961. In addition, the American Association of Humanistic Psychologists was developed in 1961 and a division of American Psychological Association (APA), Humanistic Psychology, was established in 1971 (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 586) One of Maslows greatest contributions was the hierarchy of needs. It gave us a better understanding of human motivation (www. dpsycinteractive. org). He described the human needs in the form of a hierarchy. As you go down the hierarchy, the needs became more basic, physiological, and similar to the characteristics of animals. As you go higher in the hierarchy, the needs were focused more on growth. Eventually, after all the prior stages were satisfied, one may reach the last stage of self-actualization. He described self-actualization as the individuals ability to reach their potential. In addition, Maslow made important contributions to the area of human sexuality.Towards the end of Maslows life, he began to formulate new ideas in psychology known as transpersonal psychology. Maslows findings also influenced areas outside of psychology such as in business, marketing, medicine, education, etc. (Hergenhahn, 2005, p. 589). Abraham Maslows work continues to be influential in contemporary psychology. References Abraham Maslow. (n. d. ). In Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) online. Retrieved from http//www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bhmasl. html Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (n. d. ). In Stanfords Encyclopedia online. Retrievedfrom http//mlk kpp01. stanford. du/index. php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_kings_assassination_4_apr il_1968/ Hergenhahn, B. R. (2005). Humanistic (Third-Force) Psychology. An Introduction to the Historyof Psychology (Edition 6th, pp. 570-590). atomic number 20 Wadsworth. Huitt, W. (2007). Maslows hierarchy of needs. Educational Psychology Interactive. Retrieved from http//www. edpsycinteractive. org/topics/conation/maslow. html. Valdosta, GA Valdosta State University. John F. Kennedys assassination. (2013). In Civil Rights Digital Library online. Retrieved from http//crdl. usg. edu/events/jfk_assassination/? Welcome

Continuing Case: Cory and Tisha Dumont Essay

1.Using the earnings multiple approach would result in the by-line demeanor redress calculations for Cory and Tisha. Corys needs= $38,000 x (1 0.22) x 12.46 = $369,314Tishas needs= $46,000 x (1 0.22) x 12.46 = $447,065Cory currently has $76,000 (2 x $38,000) of term vitality indemnification through his employer. Consequently, Cory should consider purchasing approximately $293,000 of additional life polity reportage. Tisha has $69,000 of term amends through her employer, as salutary as a unscathed life policy of $50,000. She should consider purchasing an additional $328,000 of life insurance coverage ($447,065 $119,000). While Tisha or Cory would continue to earn their salaries, if widowed, and would receive some loving Security benefits, they would experience a significant reduction in their standard of living without adequate life insurance.2. The Dumonts, and Cory in particular, take a big chance when their life insurance is entirely in the hands of their employers. I f Cory or Tisha leave their jobs, their gathering term coverage ends. However, they may be able to convert the group coverage to an individual policy. Since the Dumonts need additional life insurance, they should purchase individual policies to supplement the coverage they have. This will reduce the risk of later becoming uninsurable or, if they were to lose their jobs, having no life insurance at each.3.At their stage in the life cycle, term insurance is the best option for the Dumonts. It provides the greatest amount of insurance per superior dollar. Universal and variable life policies both take cash value components, through earnings from interest or mutual notes, respectively, which sum up the represent of insurance coverage. These policies alike tend to have high insurance, investment and administrative expenses, which add to their cost. The option to skip the exchange premium hire on universal life or avariable universal life may prove too tempting, as it does for ma ny policyholders, who subsequently let the policy lapse. The Dumonts would be well advised to purchase affordable term insurance and do their saving/investing outside of their insurance policies.4. The life insurance policy touts that should be explained to the Dumonts include Type of policy term or cash value. The Dumonts policies provided at work ar group term insurance policies available for the duration of their employment. Tisha also has a whole life policy (cash value insurance) with $1,800 of accumulated cash value. Nonforfeiture clause (on Tishas whole life policy) options for receiving a policys cash value, a paid-up whole life policy with a reduced nerve value, or a paid-up term policy with the original policy face amount in exchange for ending the policy. The Dumonts could exercise this right if they are unable to commit the yearly premiums to continue the coverage for an extended period of time. donee designation persons named as primary and contingent beneficiari es to receive the death benefits from the policy. Coverage grace period carmatic extension, usually 30 to 31 days after(prenominal) a premium payment is due, before a policy lapses.The premium may be paid without penalty. Loan clause (on Tishas whole life policy) describes procedures and the interest rate charged for borrowing against the policys cash value. Suicide clause clause stating that the face amount of the policy will not be paid for a suicide death within 2 years of the purchase of a policy. Incontestability clause clause stating that the insurance company cannot difference the validity of a contract after it has been in force for a specific period, usually 2 years. Settlement options section that describes alternative ways that the beneficiaries of a life insurance policy can choose to receive death benefits. Riders special provisions added to a policy that either provide extra benefits or limit the insurance companys indebtedness. Riders attached to one or more of the Dumonts policies could include guaranteed insurability, multiple indemnity, COLA, waiver of premium for deterioration, or living benefits.5. vivification insurance is meant to provide funds to replace a breadwinners to protect and support dependents. Chad and Haley are dependents, not incomeproviders. Therefore, the purchase of life insurance is unnecessary and not recommended. The Dumonts should use the money they would spend on policies for the children to increase their own coverage.The claim that Chad and Haley would always be enshroudd is only relevant if (1) the Dumonts continue the premium payments and (2) thither is a high probability, based on family wellness history, that Chad or Haley will contract cancer, diabetes, or heart disease. Otherwise, they will be suitable for insurance in the future tense and there is no need for permanent coverage starting at this young age.6. As a comprehensive major medical insurance policy, the Dumonts coverage includes basic he alth insurance for hospital, surgical, and physician expense needs, as well as major medical expense coverage. The latter is very outstanding to extend the basic coverage to protect the Dumonts from the financial effects of a catastrophic illness or accident. The policy has a very adequate biography cap of $3,000,000 per insured. The Dumonts should continually analyze the health plans from both employers to determine which offers the best overall plan. But, the annual coinsurance, stop-loss amount, and family deductible, are all standard policy features with reasonable amounts. They are currently paying annual premiums of $2,700 for the coverage, entirely the monthly opt out fee, from Corys employer, effectively reduces this by $1,020 (less the taxes paid on the change magnitude income). Overall, their health alimony coverage is very cost effective, so no changes are recommended.7.The Dumonts have four options for paying a $5,000 medical bill incurred through an auto accident, including payment by Health insurance.Medical expense coverage with their auto insurance.Bodily injury liability coverage on an auto policy, assuming someone else was at fault for the accident. Personal funds, or out-of-pocket. These funds would supplement the health insurance coverage, or be the only source of payment, should the Dumonts not have health insurance. Luckily, they do.Expenses for an emergency brake appendectomy would be covered through healthinsurance and personal funds. Assuming no one else has made a claim this year, Tishas health insurance would pay $3,600 the $5,000 medical bill minus the $500 deductible and the $900 of co-insurance (0.20 x $4,500). Tisha would be responsible for the $1,400 of deductible and co-pay expenses because the Dumonts out-of-pocket expenses for the year have not yet exceeded the $5,000 stop-loss limit.8. Advantages for the Dumonts of switching to an HMO include regular physical examinations and preventive care, minimized paperwork, and l ower costs. Tisha may be able to reduce the $225 monthly premium charged for her current coverage. Disadvantages associated with an HMO focus on concerns just about quality of care stemming from the incentive systemquick, cursory services and the difficulty in receiving a referral, particularly outside the geographic region. Some fear the system does not allow for building a trusting relationship with a well-qualified physician. Restrictions on physician choices and the associated level of reimbursement vary with the HMO system individual practice association, group practice plan, or a point-of-service plan. The Dumonts need to thoroughly comparison divulge the plans Checklist 9.2, Choosing an HMO, should be helpful.If Tisha switches to a PPO, costs and paperwork may also be reduced. Members, typically representing an employer group, receive health care at a reduced costwith the negotiating post of the group determining the level of discount. The disadvantage of a PPO is that par ticipants must seek medical services from participating doctors and hospitals, thereby limiting their choice of care. With a PPO, a participant can go to a non-member doctor but must pay an additional, or penalty, co-payment to do so.9.Assuming Tisha works for an employer with 20 or more employees, she is eligibleunder the federal COBRA lawto continue health insurance coverage for 18 to 36 months, depending on the reason for leaving the company. Tisha would be responsible for the replete cost of coverage, but it may be less expensive than an individual policy. Although this does not apply to every opting out situation, the Dumonts also have the option of enrolling for Corys health coverage. According to the Health Insurance Portability andAccountability Act of 1996, employees and their dependents must be allowed special enrollment rights, beyond the open-enrollment period, (1) if they declined coverage because of coverage through some other plan or (2) if their family situation ch anges (e.g., marriage, birth, adoption). The former situation applies to the Dumonts, so if Tisha loses her family medical coverage, the Dumonts could enroll on Corys plan. To insure protection from preexisting condition exclusions, it would be important that the Dumonts arrange for continuous enrollment, with no breaks or lapses between policies.Should Tisha decide to become a self-employed accountant, the Dumonts would have another option besides Corys coverage. The household would be eligible for a high deductible health plan and a Health Savings Account (HSA). Access to a HSA is bound to the self-employed, small business owners, employers of small to medium-sized businesses that offer very limited health benefits, and those under age 65 who individually pay for health careall of whom must have a qualified high-deductible health plan. The combination is cost effective because high-deductible plans have lower premiums and annual HSA contributions (limits apply) are an adjustment to income, so the funds are not taxed and they grow tax-deferred, and tax free, if spent according to the HSA rules. The HSA funds accumulate for paying health care costs incurred prior to meeting the annual deductible or for health care expenses not covered by the high-deductible health plan. Funds not spent remain in the account for future expenses, such as for health expenses after retirement or long-term care expenses.10. Disability insurance policy features that Cory and Tisha should purchase include Definition of disability Tisha and Cory should look for a policy that provides coverage if they cant perform the duties of their current occupations (i.e., accounting and retail management). Residual or partial payments benefits this policy feature provides partial payments if they were disabled and unable to return to work full-time, but could return part-time. Benefit duration the Dumonts should select policies that provide benefits until retirement age (e.g., 65) or for their lifetime. wait or elimination period the Dumonts should select a realistic waitingperiod (i.e. one to six months) during which they would have to absorb the income lost. They should consider their employers unhinged day policy (e.g., whether or not sick days can be accumulated) and emergency fund when selecting an elimination period. The longer the delay, the lower the premium. Waiver of premium this important provision waives premium payments if a policyholder becomes disabled. Noncancelable this provision protects against both policy cancellation and future rate increases and guarantees that the policy is renewable. Rehabilitation coverage this provision provides for employment-related educational or job-training programs.11.The Dumonts $25,000 HO-4 renters policy amount is probably sufficient given their estimated personal property value of $12,000. However, their property insurance coverage is misfortunate for two major reasons It lacks commutation cost coverage on per sonal property, which provides for the actual replacement cost of a stolen or destroyed item (e.g., biaural equipment). Currently, the $25,000 coverage is actual cash value, or coverage for the depreciated cost of property. It lacks a personal articles floater to increase the limit of coverage on Tishas $19,700 antiquate jewelry collection. To improve their coverage, Cory and Tisha should add a replacement cost rider and a personal articles floater to the existing HO-4 policy. Increasing the deductible could offset a premium increase. See the response to question 14 below for other cost saving ideas.12.The Dumonts auto insurance is inadequate because of its low liability limits. The 25/50/25 split liability and property damage limit is extremely low in relation to current medical, repair, and liability costs. The Dumonts should increase their liability limits to at least(prenominal) 100/300/50. Otherwise, they could be liable for judgments in excess of their current liability li mits. Higher limits, such as two hundred/600/100, are also available. The Dumonts also have low uninsured motorist coverage limits. These, too, should be increased to a minimum of 100/300/50 to provide adequate protection against negligent drivers who carry no or inadequate liability coverage. The $20,000 of medical expense coverage is far lower than the recommended $50,000 of coverage per person. Assuming the Dumonts increase theiremergency fund or other savings, they should increase the $200 deductible amounts.13.Cory and Tishas current auto insurance policy would pay $25,000 for natural injury losses incurred by any one person hurt in the accident, a total of $50,000 for bodily injury losses incurred by all persons hurt in the accident, and $25,000 for property damage if they were judged to be at fault. In other words, these are maximum liability coverage limits. If the accident resulted in a total of $65,000 of bodily injury losses to more than one person, the Dumonts would be personally responsible for arranging payment for the remaining $15,000. However, if the $65,000 in bodily injury losses were incurred by only one individual, the Dumonts would be personally liable for $40,000. This coverage is not adequate the Dumonts are risking their financial future in lieu of paying a slightly higher annual premium.14.To reduce the cost of property and liability insurance, the Dumonts could Make every effort to keep their insurance credit score high, to qualify for lower premium rates. Increase insurance deductibles (e.g., $200 to $500 or higher). Take advantage of multiple policy discounts (e.g., HO-4 and auto insurance with the same company). Pay insurance premiums less frequently (e.g., annually or semi-annually instead of monthly). Shop around and compare the costs of at least three insurance providers. Consider only high quality insurers, and possibly a direct writer. Install security systems or smoke detectors. Inquire about ANY other available disco unts these can vary significantly by company and may relate to the property (home or auto, such as fire-retardant building materials, auto passive restraints or anti-theft devices) or the characteristics of the policyholder (e.g., over age 50 or 55, noncommuter, or good student). Buy a car that is cheaper to insure and consider low damageability models be sure to check insurance rates when auto shopping. Drive less (e.g., fewer miles, join a carpool) and improve whimsical records. Double check your policy to insure that all features and endorsements are included as planned a claim could be costly that youthought was covered, but was not because of an oversight in the policy. Include adequate liability insurance to avoid paying damage awards from personal assets or income.15.When the Dumonts become homeowners, they should purchase an HO-3 policy. An HO-3 policy is the most comprehensive of available policies for homeowners because it covers losses to the structure from all peril s except those that are specifically excluded. Typical excluded perils include flood, earthquake (supplemental coverage is available for both, if needed), war, and thermonuclear accident. Coverage on an HO-3 policy on the contents is limited to the named perils coverage provided in a broad, or HO-2 policy.The Dumonts should strongly consider adding personal property replacement cost coverage for their contents. The additional premium cost of 5 to 15 percent over the cost of a policy without this coverage is meager when compared to the increased level of reimbursement. Inflation guard and personal articles floatersparticularly for Tishas antique jewelry or any other items that exceed the value of the policy limitsshould also be added. The minimum level of $100,000 of personal liability coverage is likely inadequate, and should be increased to $300,000 to $500,000. However, the Dumonts should review this relative to their individual situation (i.e., pets owned or other unique situati ons). Cory and Tisha should consult Checklist 10.2, A Checklist for Homeowners Insurance, when shopping.An umbrella policy extends the liability coverage of the auto and homeowners policies owned by the insured. An umbrella policy protects against large lawsuits and judgments associated with your home or auto. Umbrella policies do not cover activities with the intent to cause harm, activities with aircraft and some watercraft, and most business and professional person activities. The latter require a separate policy.Typical limits range from $1 million to $10 million the policy does not become effective until the limits of the inherent policies have been exhausted. As the Dumonts proceed through the life cycle and attain more wealth, they may want to consider a policy of this type. However, in theinterim, a more cost effective alternative may be increasing their existing liability limits to $300,000 or $500,000.

Detection Step

Detection smellgh4hThis step speaks ab pop the detecting construct var. in geomorphological method or approach.Speake about the partings that important to particularize a strain The specific relationship that used to detect the pattern.The high tolerance in detection to archive the high rec altogether because the high preciseness pull up stakes archive using ML step How extract and calculate the metrices for roles detected for that two patterns seduce similar structure. How decide the feature have come out of the closet in dataset depends of feature selection stepGive this dataset as scuttlebutt for classifier model created by culture step.The output will be classified roles for which pattern belongs.Specific things that recall slight than 70% accuracy will taken as FP. Detection step (speak about detection the DP and their roles using highly tolerance target pattern detection approaches based in structure of externalise pattern and enhancing DPD tool to get all possi ble result might be DP.Extract selected prosody for this roles and give it to trained model to apply classification.Make study and performance and validation for models (FS vs notFS) (OP vs Not OP) (ensemble vs not for SVM, Ann, deep)? The comparative euphony accuracy . Experiment and the result (I will use two pattern adapter and command to classification similar roles between those patterns , the accuracy will be model result accuracy and comparing the result with benchmark and previous studiesDetection step.The detection conformation is divided into two steps the morphological detection object pattern roles step and roles distinguish step.The input in the first step will be the source encrypt that we want to detect design pattern from, and the output is design pattern aspect roles, while the aim of our study distinguishes between patterns have a similarity of structural aspect the similar roles between two patterns will come out with the same name, the second step input is the campaigner roles that ar out of the first step and will be entered as input into learned classifier to antitheticiate roles according to which design pattern belongs.First step structural detection Design pattern candidate is a group of classes, distributively class represents a role in design pattern and these classes connected together with a relationship according to the particular structure of design pattern. The similarities in design patterns proceed due to the similarity of the structure of the corresponding patterns (the object-oriented relationship between these classes is same).This similarity leads to the problem of distinguishing between roles in similar structure design pattern that cogitate every role ar corresponding to a role in another design pattern. Though identical in structure, the patterns are completely antithetical in purpose In this step, the input will be the source code, and the output is a data-set that contains design pattern candidate role s associated with class metrics, as shown in figure?.To detect design pattern, we adjusted Tsantalis et al. work to produce similar roles in similar structural design patterns.for example, in state and strategy design patterns, there are two roles that influence the confusion of patterns (Strategy and State, Strategy_Context and State_Context ), the identical roles detected in this step will be under the same label(Strategy /State, Context).We have satisfactory a Tsantalis et al. approach to detect candidate by extending the translation of a design pattern roles to identify a set of design pattern roles with more(prenominal) tolerance regardless of the false positive and false negative results are permissible in this step that will be covered in contiguous step using learned classifier model. next, software metrics for for each one design pattern roles produced are calculated and based on the feature selection step in learning phase meticas were selected to present them as feat ures in a dataset, then the dataset normalized to prepare for next step.Second step distinguishes between patterns have a similarity of structural.In this step, each design pattern role produced in the previous step is given to each design pattern classifier learned in the learning phase in order to determine which design pattern the design pattern role belong to, that the classifier is effective on. each similar structural design pattern roles are classified by a separate classifier with different subsets of features selected by feature selection method to best represent each unmatchable of them.Then, each classifier states its opinion with a confidence value. Finally, if the confidence value of the candidate combination of classes is located in the con- fidence range of that design pattern, then, the combination is a design pattern, otherwise it is not.4.A.Chihada et al.Design pattern detection phase The input of this phase is a given source code and the output is design pattern instances existing in the given source code. To per-form this phase, the proposed method uses the classifiers learned in the previous phase to detect what groups of classes of the given source code are design pattern instances. This phase is divided into two steps, pre care foring and detection.3.2.1.Pre plowing In this section, we try to partition a given system source code into suitable chunks as candidate design pattern instances. Tsanalis et al. 7 presented a method for partitioning a given source code based on inheritance hierarchies, so each partition has at nigh one or two inheritance hierarchy.This method has a problem when some design pattern instances involving characteristics that extend beyond the subsystem boundaries (such as chains of delegations) cannot be detected. Furthermore, in a get of design patterns, some roles might be taken by classes that do not belong to any inheritance hierarchy (e.g., Context role in the State/Strategy design patterns 1).In order to i mprove the limitations of the method presented in7, we propose a new procedure that candidates each combination of b classes as a design pattern instance, where b is the number of roles of the desired design pattern. Algorithm 1 gives the pseudocode for the proposed preprocessing procedure.Algorithm 1. The proposed preprocessing procedure comment Source code class diagramsOutput Candidate design pattern instances1.Transform given source code class diagrams to a graph G2. Enrich G by adding new edges representing parents relationships to children according to class diagrams3. Search all connected subgraphs with b number of vertices from G as candidate design pattern instances4. Filter candidate design pattern instances that havent any scheme classes or interfaces3.2.2. Design pattern detectionIn this step, each candidate combination of classes produced in the preprocessing step is given to each design pattern classifier learned in Phase I of the proposed method in order to identify whether the candidate combination of classes is related to the design pattern that the classifier is expert on.Then, each classifier states its opinion with a confidence value. Finally, if the confidence value of the candidate combination of classes is located in the confidence range of that design pattern, then, the combination is a design pattern, otherwise it is not.Phase One (Intra-Class Level)The primary goal of phase one is to reduce the searchspace by identifying a set of candidate classes for every rolein each DP, or in other words, removing all classes that aredefinitely not playing a particular role.By doing so, phase oneshould also improve the accuracy of the overall comprehensionsystem. However, these goals or benefits are highly dependenton how effective and accurate it is. Although some falsepositives are permissible in this phase, its benefits can becompromised if too many candidate classes are passed to phasetwo (e.g. _ 50% of the number of classes in the softwareun der analysis).On the other hand, if some true candidateclasses are misclassified (they become false negatives), thefinal recall of the overall recognition system will be affected.So, a conceivable compromise should be struck in phase oneand it should favour a high recall at the cost of a low precision.Phase Two (Inter-Class Level)In this phase, the mall task of DP recognition is performedby examining all possible combinations of related roles candidates.Each DP is recognized by a separate classifier, whichtakes as input a feature vector representing the relationshipsbetween a pair of related candidate classes. Similarly, to rolesin phase one, different DPs have different subsets of featuresselected to best represent each one of them. Input featurevectors and model training are discussed in section V.The work that we present in this paper is built on the ideas of 11 where the author presents design pattern detection method based on similarity scoring algorithm.In the context of des ign pattern detection, the similarity scoring algorithm is used for calculating similarity mug between a cover design pattern and analyzed system.Let GA(system) and GB(pattern) be two directed graphs with NA and NB vertices. The similarity matrix Z is be as an NBNA matrix whose entry SIJ expresses how similar vertex J (in GA) is to vertex I (in GB) and is called similarity score between two vertices (I and J). affinity matrix Z is computed in iterative way 0In 11 authors define a set of matrices for describing specific (pattern and software system) features (for example associations, generalizations, abstract classes).For each feature, a concrete matrix is created for pattern and for software system, too (for example association matrix, generalization matrix, abstract classes matrix). This processleads to a number of similarity matrices of size NBNA (one for each described feature). To obtain overall picture for the similarity between the pattern and the system, similarity inform ation is exploited from all matrices.In the process of creating final similarity matrix, different features are equivalent.To preserve the validity of the results, any similarity score must be bounded within therange ?0, 1?. Higher similarity score doer higher possibility of design pattern instance. Therefore, individual matrices are initially summed and the resulting matrix is normalized by dividing the elements of column i (corresponding to similarity scores between all system classes and pattern role i) by the number of matrices (ki) in which the given role is involved.Tsantalis et al. in 6 introduced an approach to design pattern identification based on algorithm for calculating similarity between vertices in two graphs. System model and patterns are represented as the matrices reflecting model attributes like generalizations, associations, abstract classes, abstract method invocations, object creations etc. Similarity algorithm is not matrix cause dependant, thus other matric es could be added as expected.Mentioned advantagesof matrix representation are 1) easy manipulation with the data and 2) higher readability by computer researchers.Every matrix type is created for model and pattern and similarity of this pair of matrices is calculated.This process repeats for every matrix type and all similarity scores are summed and normalized. For calculating similarity between matrices authors used equation proposed in 8. Authors minimized the number of the matrix types because some attributes are quite common in system models, which leads to increased number of false positives.Our main concern is the adaptation of selected methods by extending their peeping capabilities for design smell detection. Most anti-patterns haveadditional structural features, thus more model attributes need to be compared. We have chosen several smells attributes different from design patterns features which cannot be detected by original methods. Smell characteristics (e.g., what is many methods and attributes) need to be defined.On the other hand, some design patterns characteristics are also usable for mar detection. Structural features included in both wide methods areassociations (with cardinality)generalizationsclass abstraction (whether a class is concrete, abstract or interface).5.2 practice session Definition Process rasoolPattern definitions are created from selection of appropriate feature types which are used by the recognition process to detect pattern instances from the source code. Precision and recall of pattern recognition approach is dependent on the accuracy and the completeness of pattern definitions, which are used to recognize the variants of different design patterns.The approach follows the list of activites to create pattern definitions. The definition process takes pattern structure or specification and identifies the majorelement playing key role in a pattern structure. A major element in each pattern is any class/interface that pla y central role in pattern structure and it is easy to access other elements with major element due to its connections.For example, in case of Adapter pattern, adapter class plays the role of major element. With identification of major element, the process defines feature in a pattern definition. The process iteratively identifies relevant feature types for each pattern definition. We illustrate the process of creating pattern definitions by activity diagram shown in experience 5.3.The activity ?define feature for pattern definition? further follows the criteria for defining feature type for pattern definition. It searches the feature type in the feature type list and if the desired feature is available in the list, it selects the feature type and specifies its parameters. If the catalogue do not have desired feature in the list, the process defines new feature types for the pattern definition.The process is iterated until the pattern definition is created which can match different variants of a design pattern. The definition of feature type checks the instauration of a certain feature and returns the elements that play role in the searched feature. The pattern definitions are composed from organized set of feature types by identifyingcentral roles using structural elements.The pattern definition process reduces recognition queries starting definition with the object playing pivotal role in the pattern structure. The definition process filters the unified instances when any single feature type does not match desired role. The definition of Singlton used for pattern recogniton is given below in Figure 5.2.Pattern DefinitionThe pattern definition creation process is repeatable that user can select a single featuretype in different pattern definitions. It is customizable in the sense that user can add/remove and modify pattern definitions, which are based on SQL queries, regular expressions, source code parsers to match structural and implementation variants o f different patterns.The approach used more than 40 feature types to define all the GoF patterns with different alternatives. The catalogue of pattern definitions can be extended by adding new feature types to match patterns beyond the GoF definitions.Examples of Pattern DefinitionsWe used pattern creation process to define static, dynamic and semantic features of patterns.It is clarified with examples that how features of a pattern are reused for other patterns. We selected one pattern from each category of creational, structural and behavioral patterns and complete list of all GoF pattern definitions is given in Appendix B. We describe features of Adapter, Abstract factory method and Observer in the following subsections.5.3.1To be able to work on design pattern instances we need a way to represent them in some kindof data structure. The model used by the Joiner specifies that a design pattern can be defined from the structural point of view using the roles it contains and the car dinality relationship between couple of roles.-We describe a design motif as a CSP each role is represented as a variant and relationsamong roles are represented as constraints among the variables. Additional variables andconstraints may be added to improve the precision and recall of the identification process.Variables have identical body politics all the classes in the program in which to identify thedesign motif.For example, the identification of micro-architectures similar to the Compositedesign motif, shown in Fig. 3, translates into the constraint systemVariablesclientcomponentcompositeleafConstraintsassociation(client, component)inheritance(component, composite)inheritance(component, leaf)composition(composite, component)where the four constraints represent the association, inheritance, and composition relationssuggested by the Composite design motif.When applying this CSP to identifyoccurrences of Composite in JHOTDRAW (Gamma and Eggenschwiler 1998), the fourvariables cli ent, component, composite, and leaf have identical domainsWe seek to improve the performance and the precision of the structural identificationprocess using quantitative value by associating numerical sense of touchs with roles in designmotifs.With numerical signatures, we can reduce the search space in two ways We can assign to each variable a domain containing only those classes for which thenumerical signatures match the expected numerical signatures for the role. We can add unary constraints to each variable to match the numerical signatures of theclasses in its domain with the numerical signature of the corresponding role.These two ways achieve the same result they remove classes for which the numericalsignatures do not match the expected numerical signature from the domain of a variable,reducing the search space by reducing the domains of the variables.Numerical signatures characterise classes that play roles in design motifs. We identifyclasses playing roles in motifs using their internal attributes. We measure these internalattributes using the following families of metrics

Case Write-Up: Galanz Essay

This case administers with us about the story of Galanz Enterprises Group Co. Ltd. (Galanz) had modify itself from a manufacturer of down feather products into a world class manufacturer of vaporize ovens producing more than 50 per cent of the global output in 2007. This case describes the competitive and operational strategies that Galanz used to achieve such a meteoric growth. The company started out with a clear competitive outline found on speak to leadership. It designed and implemented operations system to help achieve economic crisiser cost done economy of scale, the transfer of merchandise dexterity from developed countries and full utilization of the available production capacity.Case Analysis & Problem solving1. What were the order winner/order qualifier for Galanz in the microwave oven business during the early stage of its development? When Galanz started its business, the microwave oven business in China was in its infancy and it was less risk to invest in the engineering associated with microwave ovens because this technology had been mature and stable for a long time. At the early stage, Galanz did not have any competitive edge in production technology but only an abundant supply of cheap labor and land. Thus the only way to compete the market is to offering a low price. From 1996 to 2002, Galanz adopted a low-price strategy by repeatedly implementing cycles of price cutting and production capacity expansion.2. Rank the grandeur of Galanzs operations objectives of cost, quality, flexibility, delivery, service and innovations. How has the importance changed over the years? At the very beginning, Galanz ranked cost as the most important operations objectives. The rest objectives are ranked equally aft(prenominal) the cost. After the early success resulted by the price war and cost leadership, Galanz started emphasizing the importance of innovation and quality. Since 1996, the rapid growth of Galanz endangered the market share of foreig n brands such as Toshiba and Panasonic who are also the suppliers of Galanz on magnetrons. To limited the threat from Galanz, Toshiba and Panasonic reduce the supply of magnetrons, which forced Galanz developed and produced its own magnetrons. To reduce the cost and ameliorate the quality, Galanz started to vertically integrate its supply chain by manufacturing more of its components.3. What is the role technology has dallyed in the success of Galanz. The technology have play very important role in the success of Galanz. The supply crisis of magnetrons motivated Galanz put technical innovation on a more important position. The collaboration with local university and institutes helped Galanz mastered the core technology of magnetron. Continuous invest on innovation and learning the most advanced technologies from overseas partners allowed the company to reduced costs, improve the design of the products and lifted Galanz into the high-end product market.4. What are the Galanzs compe titive and operations strategies, and how does its operations strategy support its competitive strategy? Galanzs competitive strategy is cost leadership. To support the competitive strategy of cost leadership, Galanz use below tactics in operations.1) To effectively expand the production capacity, Galanz escalated the production capacity through a free production line transfer from foreign OEM partners. The same tactic was applied to attract component suppliers setting up component facilities in Galanz. To further increase its production capacity, Galanz fully utilized its production facilities and labor resources to extreme by operating 3 shifts per day, seven days a calendar week and 365 days a year. 2) Repeatedly implementing cycles of price cutting and production capacity expansion. Since Galanz enjoyed tremendous economies of scale for low cost production, the company pushes its sales team to accomplishment hard so that the market could absorb the additional inventory. 3) In an additional effort to reduce cost, Galanz started to vertically integrate its supply chain by manufacturing more of its components. About 90% of the microwave oven parts were produced by Galanz.

Oedipus Rex

The viva voce Presentation gave me a clear idea near how and what the write was move to convey through his book. non organism from the time period at which the play was written made it difficult to place across what Sophocles was toil around to portray. Even though the initiation clarified most of my questions, I was still left excogitate received aspects of Oedipus Rex. In the book, the main question for me was if Oedipus re tout ensembley had control of his animation or what he being controllight-emitting diode by the gods and fate. When Oedipus take ind the prophecy for the first time, he tried to run away from it.That gives me inkling on Oedipus that tells me he views in the prophecy and it will come to pass. When he re tout ensembley does land his father without receipting and ulterior tried to find the killer he says Now my curse on the murderer. Whowever he is, a unaccompanied universe unknow in his crime or angiotensin converting enzyme among human rac ekindy let that man pouffe out his life in agony (Sophocles, 280 283). In reality he places that curse on himself and he re bothy did spend the rest of his life in pain and agony as rise up as exile. In the presentation it shows the rate Greeks gave to the gods and elder as well as to their advice and wisdom.Also since they watched the gods, who were almighty, would penalize you if you resisted their will. In the book it shows that because Oedipus killed his father, the plague started and until there has been justice and the man caught for the crime, the plague will keep violent death throng. In the presentation, it showed us that the plague was fleckive during the time the play was written and it transfers everyplace to the book because the author is trying to tell us that people were losing faith and thus causing plague which sc ared people to nightfall their hope on some higher power.In the book the chorus says that great laws tower above us (Sophocles, 957) which show s that people considered gods as the greatest Justice. That proves the fact that they respect the gods at the highest of level. This holds me want to involve much(prenominal) than about their belief as well as what the prophecy meant to them. I also want to learn to a greater extent about how the belief affected their everyday life and thoughts as well. That ends my thought on what I claim learned from the presentation. The reflective essay also helped clear my thoughts on what I had learned from the presentation and split up out the facts.Oedipus RexIt is edifice alt to decide whether there should be a set criteria for a belligerent professors use maven mans SST ROR as a basis for questioning Oedipus Rexes. Sophocles play explores the adventures of a man and his actions, and how the both affected the way his life ended. He carried out m cost of Aristotle requirements for a highhanded man, including his out of bounds of righteousness and a high stance in society. A key f actor in his life was adept that did not meet the standards, however his I ace of trustworthy contingency.His tale challenges readers to brood over some heavy questions What is a hero, and is it actions or fate that decides? One of the most important concepts Aristotle focuses on is ones trustworthy fortune e. He claims that, The gifts of dear fortune also are comm still thought to contri stille to hi kindnesses. For those who are well born are thought worthy of honor, (Witt, 160). A person that is highhanded generally has good things run to him. Aristotle idea is fashionablee irately accurate Decoys 2 people that aim for integrity usually materialise positive outcomes.Although it is out of his control, Oedipus fails to meet Aristotle standards in this division. The entire y of his bad luck is displayed during the terminal Antiheroes of the fable Ah Situation When I was cast upon you, why did I not die? Then should neer nurture shown the world my execrable birth My own blood, spilled by my own hand O union, uniting That act that engendered me, and again the e act performed by the son in the same bed divinity fudge hates me (Witt, 128) As Oedipus physically blinds himself, he finally reveals the impartiality about his life. Acknowledges being cursed as a fuck up and led to the land of Situation out of p tit, and the horrific actions he went on to assign thenceforth he ended up fulfilling his destiny Of murdering his father and sleeping with his bring. His whole life is fagged raceway from the c ruse that was lain upon him, notwithstanding fate brought him straight to it. Oedipus unruly behavior is due to his pretermit of good fortune and the unmovable hand of fate. According to Aristotle, a highhanded mans fate tends to be positive, therefore do him much worthy of honor.In Oedipus case, he lost all sense of respect once his true individuation was revealed, reservation him a step below Aristotle s specifications in this area. Aristo tle also portrays the ideal man as one who values and strives for the true the. In The Highhanded Man he states, He must care for the impartiality more than for what en will think of him, and verbalise and act openly. He will not flutter to say what he thinks, (Wi TTT, 160). The man described here is constant in his beliefs and is not afraid to make them know n, no matter what the consequences are.This is an extremely important virtue for any person to have, because one cannot genuinely believe in anything if he/ she does not believe in themselves enough to speak openly. Oedipus exhibits this trait during his chat with his wifes familiar Kerr Decoys 3 You murderer Do you think I do not know that you plot to kill me Am I A fool, that you should dream you could accomplish this? Thrones may be won or bought you could do neither. (Witt, 116) This passage occurs after Terrifies admits his knowledge of Oedipus past. Up on his return, the out wrathd king accuses Akron of attempting t o steal his throne.Oedipus, of co ruse, is malign in his accusations, but his underlying motive is to discover the justice. His search for answers overcame his fear of losing Akron as a friend. This selfless act would be considered as hi shinnied according to Aristotle standards. High social stature is other symptomatic that a man must possess in order to be considered as highhanded. In Aristotle talking to, The highhanded man, then, respect of the greatness of his deserts occupies an extreme couch, (Witt, 159). A man can not be regarded as highhanded unless his position in society is high, as well.Although there are many locals, honorable men, it is nearly unrealizable for one to be noticed as such without b Ewing relatively famous. Oedipus is welkin, for he holds the most important point in the cit y, as he states in the beginning of the tragedy L have come myself to hear you l, Oedipus, who o bears the famous name, (Witt, 110). In this passage, the king is addressing th e people o f his city regarding their wishes to speak to him. Aristotle states that a highhanded ma n must be great in all ways, including his social status.As a fractals king, Oedipus fits this get down o f Aristotle criteria perfectly. Oedipus exhibits many of the qualities Aristotle literature The Highhanded Man requires, despite his lack of good fortune. looking at into the origins of the mod render hero allows one to ponder about his or her own moralisticity. Oedipus was an Larson d estimable man he appealed to the people, sought justice, and applied punishment where it w as deserved even Decoys 4 against himself. The wrongs he committed un versedly were seemingly Univac addable, and every eve he made in betwixt was aimed at goodness.Oedipus RexThe Oral Presentation gave me a clear idea about how and what the author was trying to convey through his book. Not being from the time period at which the play was written made it difficult to interpret what Sophocles was trying to portray. Even though the presentation clarified most of my questions, I was still left pondering certain aspects of Oedipus Rex. In the book, the main question for me was if Oedipus really had control of his life or what he being controlled by the gods and fate. When Oedipus heard the prophecy for the first time, he tried to run away from it.That gives me inkling on Oedipus that tells me he believes in the prophecy and it will come to pass. When he really does kill his father without penetrative and later tried to find the killer he says Now my curse on the murderer. Whowever he is, a lone man unknown in his crime or one among many let that man drag out his life in agony (Sophocles, 280 283). In reality he places that curse on himself and he really did spend the rest of his life in pain and agony as well as exile. In the presentation it shows the respect Greeks gave to the gods and elder as well as to their advice and wisdom.Also since they respected the gods, who were almighty, would punish you if you resisted their will. In the book it shows that because Oedipus killed his father, the plague started and until there has been justice and the man caught for the crime, the plague will keep killing people. In the presentation, it showed us that the plague was active during the time the play was written and it transfers over to the book because the author is trying to tell us that people were losing faith and thus causing plague which scared people to pin their hope on some higher power.In the book the chorus says that great laws tower above us (Sophocles, 957) which shows that people considered gods as the greatest Justice. That proves the fact that they respect the gods at the highest of level. This makes me want to learn more about their belief as well as what the prophecy meant to them. I also want to learn more about how the belief affected their everyday life and thoughts as well. That ends my thought on what I have learned from the presentation. The refl ective essay also helped clear my thoughts on what I had learned from the presentation and sort out the facts.Oedipus RexIt is edifice alt to decide whether there should be a set criteria for a hero professors use one mans SST ROR as a basis for questioning Oedipus Rexes. Sophocles play explores the adventures of a man and his actions, and how the two affected the way his life ended. He carried out m cost of Aristotle requirements for a highhanded man, including his pursuit of truth and a high stance in society. A key factor in his life was one that did not meet the standards, however his I ace of good fortune.His tale challenges readers to brood over some important questions What is a hero, and is it actions or fate that decides? One of the most important concepts Aristotle focuses on is ones good fortune e. He claims that, The gifts of good fortune also are commonly thought to contribute to hi kindnesses. For those who are well born are thought worthy of honor, (Witt, 160). A pers on that is highhanded generally has good things happen to him. Aristotle idea is mode irately accurate Decoys 2 people that aim for integrity usually encounter positive outcomes.Although it is out of his control, Oedipus fails to meet Aristotle standards in this division. The entire y of his bad luck is displayed during the final Antiheroes of the story Ah Situation When I was cast upon you, why did I not die? Then should never have shown the world my execrable birth My own blood, spilled by my own hand O marriage, marriage That act that engendered me, and again the e act performed by the son in the same bed God hates me (Witt, 128) As Oedipus physically blinds himself, he finally reveals the truth about his life. Acknowledges being cursed as a baby and led to the land of Situation out of p tit, and the horrific actions he went on to commit thereafter he ended up fulfilling his destiny Of murdering his father and sleeping with his mother. His whole life is spent running from the c r use that was lain upon him, but fate brought him straight to it. Oedipus unruly behavior is due to his lack of good fortune and the unmovable hand of fate. According to Aristotle, a highhanded mans fate tends to be positive, therefore making him more worthy of honor.In Oedipus case, he lost all sense of respect once his true identity was revealed, making him a step below Aristotle s specifications in this area. Aristotle also portrays the ideal man as one who values and strives for the true the. In The Highhanded Man he states, He must care for the truth more than for what en will think of him, and speak and act openly. He will not hesitate to say what he thinks, (Wi TTT, 160). The man described here is constant in his beliefs and is not afraid to make them know n, no matter what the consequences are.This is an extremely important virtue for any person to have, because one cannot truly believe in anything if he/ she does not believe in themselves enough to speak openly. Oedipus exhi bits this trait during his conversation with his wifes brother Kerr Decoys 3 You murderer Do you think I do not know that you plotted to kill me Am I A fool, that you should dream you could accomplish this? Thrones may be won or bought you could do neither. (Witt, 116) This passage occurs after Terrifies admits his knowledge of Oedipus past. Up on his return, the outraged king accuses Akron of attempting to steal his throne.Oedipus, of co ruse, is wrong in his accusations, but his underlying motive is to discover the truth. His search for answers overcame his fear of losing Akron as a friend. This selfless act would be considered as hi shinnied according to Aristotle standards. High social stature is another characteristic that a man must possess in order to be considered as highhanded. In Aristotle words, The highhanded man, then, respect of the greatness of his deserts occupies an extreme position, (Witt, 159). A man can not be regarded as highhanded unless his position in society is high, as well.Although there are many locals, honorable men, it is nearly impossible for one to be noticed as such without b Ewing relatively famous. Oedipus is welkin, for he holds the most important rank in the cit y, as he states in the beginning of the tragedy L have come myself to hear you l, Oedipus, who o bears the famous name, (Witt, 110). In this passage, the king is addressing the people o f his city regarding their wishes to speak to him. Aristotle states that a highhanded ma n must be great in all ways, including his social status.As a fractals king, Oedipus fits this part o f Aristotle criteria perfectly. Oedipus exhibits many of the qualities Aristotle literature The Highhanded Man requires, despite his lack of good fortune. Looking into the origins of the mod render hero allows one to ponder about his or her own morality. Oedipus was an Larson d admirable man he appealed to the people, sought justice, and applied punishment where it w as deserved even Decoys 4 ag ainst himself. The wrongs he committed unknowingly were seemingly Univac addable, and every eve he made in between was aimed at goodness.Oedipus RexSophocles in Oedipus Rex introduces the horrors of veracity through the journey the tragic hero Oedipus takes on. This tragedy overlayes all the concepts of Aristotles Poetics in regards to a complex plot. According to Aristotle, a tragedy is an event that has to a rout pity and fear to the readers Oedipus contains all the features of this demand. In terms of Oedipus tragedy, hes seen as the cursed one who consequently has to stick the tragic repercussions of fate.In Sophocless Oedipus Rex, destiny persecutes Oedipus as it demonstrates elements such as his hubris that is exemplified through his behavior, his tragic flaws that is tragic flaw and the reversal of his tragic discovery that leads him to fulfill the prophecy. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, the author depicts Oedipus tragic flaw of hubris through his kingship in Thebes. His rese rve qualifies as Aristotles concept of a tragic character.Aristotles tragic character is outlined as a character that must occupy a high status and also realize virtues. Aristotle defines Oedipus hubris as his excessive pride that causes the hero to ignore a divine warning break of moral law (Aristotle 43). Oedipus is surefooted about solving the murder of king Laius. His characters self-belief is exemplified through this inverted comma by the mouth of messengers, I have myself came hither, Oedipus, known far and wide by name (Sophocles 1).This demonstrates how Oedipus is confident in his popularity, because he was the one who solve the Sphinxs riddle and therefore believes that he deserves immediate respect and recognition. Oedipus illustrates himself as being the only intelligent one in all of Thebes, with his readiness to afford all aid hard hearted must he be (Sophocles 1). This passage clearly exhibits his arrogance as it also clarifies his hubris, which, in in end, leads to his downfall.Furthermore, he speaks to people in a pretentious manner what you come see is known already not unknown to me (Sophocles 3). This once again acts as an addition to Aristotles concept of hubris. Oedipus permits himself to freely behave with a highly conceded pose that is exemplified through Come to each singly by at my once groans for the city, and for myself, and you, (Sophocles 3). The structure of this quote indicates Oedipus high attitude towards the problems that dawn upon Thebes. Instead of showing his audience that his simple concerns re of himself, his focus is the security of the town. In doing so, it displays the tenacity of his pride and thinking he can lighten the city of Thebes by himself, yet also displaying his dedication, which can be seen as a heroic choice I am confident, nor prone to fear (Sophocles 4). His hubris is once again exemplified when questioning the blind man, Tiresias. This man is known to only speak the truth, and when endanger by Oe dipus to express that knowledge about the murder, it leads to a tragedy, rather than enlightenment, in this plot.Tiresias reveals the truth to Oedipus because of his perseverance in uncovering the truth. As he lets his hubris blurry his sight by believing he was lied to by Tiresisas and Creon because he thinks he is too virtuous to have committed such actions. Oedipus rejects all possibilities of such and rather refers to it as a plan to try and throw him off his reign For you would rouse a very stone to wrath will you not speak out ever but stand thus relentless and persistent (Sophocles 13).This passage shows that there is a lingering fear in spite of appearance the kings mind. He uses the excuse that they are trying to overthrow him because he was the one who solved the riddle of the sphinx, which potentially means they were jealous of his position. Oedipus believes that by tricking him, they would reign over Thebes. Oedipus negligence in accept responsibility, along with his s urplus of pride leads to his refusal in accepting the truth and instead opts to blame others. Tiresias tells him you censure but your own, at home, you see not, and blame me Sophocles 13) this shows that Tiresias has had it with Oedipus hubris and him not being able to accept the truth, foreshadowing that Oedipus greatness is a tragic harbinger of his fall. Oedipus pushed himself into his fate which destruction is brought upon him through his ruthless means and arrogance. Oedipus hubris is portrayed through his thoughts, words and actions which eventually begin to work against him. Oedipus egoism leads him to think that he is perfect in everything, however, his superior attitude leads him to what Aristotle defines as one of the key points of a tragedy hamartia.Aristotles meaning of hamartia is defined as the change of fortune should be not from bad to good, reversely from good to bad. It should come about as the result not of vice, but of some great error or frailty in a character either such as we have described or better rather than worse (Aristotle 23). In Oedipus case, hamarita is seen when he wants to know the truth but also plays a role in trail to his downfall . The notion of hamartia is seen during Oedipus discussion with Tiresias when the blind prophet reveals the truth to him.Oedipus disagrees with Tiresias statement, as he proclaims, For I shall not be found a murderer (Sophocles 21). This passage indicates that he cant be seen as the man who has killed the former king, although his determined search for the truth will uncover to him that that is exactly what he is. Because of this discussion, Tiresias abandons the scene thereby leaving Oedipus alone in his frustration, this be the last time I shall see on thee, who am revealed to have nee born of those of whom I ought not to have wedded whom I ought to be and slain who I might not slay (Sophocles 42).Oedipus believes he has evaded fate, but ironically he has fulfilled everything the oracle ha d explained to him, and it is is hamartia, his search for the truth that has pushed him to these realizations. Subsequently, he jaws his wife Jocasta by telling her that Tiresias condemned him and revealed his prophecy. Jocasta, already knowing the truth, attempts to persuade him by giving up his search. However, because of his hamartia, Oedipus does not stop his search he continues with his attempts at finding out the truth about the prophecy of him killing his father and sleeping with his mother.This is seen as Oedipus annoyance of the truth, more miserable than I am? Who on earth could have been born with more of hate from heaven? (Sophocles 29). This passage shows Oedipus realization that perhaps the prophet was right. I am at the horror (Sophocles 41), indicates that Oedipus, beginning to panic, decides to consult the old man who knows the events. His hamartia is that which compels him to do so. However, the prophet refuses to say anything, so Oedipus says, tell me the whole truth, or you will come to it (Sophocles 41).Oedipus is once again arrogant in discovering the truth, but still seeks it. The old man, threatened for his life, begins to tell the tale of the patricide, and I hear. But I must hear no less (Sophocles 41). The truth is out there now Oedipus has uncovered the mystery of the murderer. It is Oedipus actions that bring things into motion, but it is his fate, pride and his hamartia, as he relentlessly wants the truth, that lead him to his downfall. Oedipus ignorance comes from his fear concerning the appalling horror of the possible truth and its devastating implications.This falls into the social class of Aristotles concept in what makes a good tragedy peripeteia. Aristotle defines it as the reversal of the situation which is a change by which the action veers round to its opposite (Aristotle 20). This concept is the reversal of a situation, which is the transition from ignorance to knowledge. The situations encompass scenes of sufferin g and of painful actions. In Oedipus case, his downfall is where he finally realizes that his prophecy of self-slain (Sophocles 44) was predestined to occur.Peripeteia, necessary for a complex plot, occurs when he realizes this, as we see in that quote. By this truth being actually understood, all consequences fall into place for Oedipus. First off, Jocasta, Oedipus wife and mother, k spick-and-span the truth about Oedipus all along she even pierce his tendons when he was younger so he couldnt run away when she put him in a forest. After she found out that Oedipus discovered the truth, she locked herself in the bedroom alone and hung herself, for whom it was impossible to watch, the ending of her distress (Sophocles 45).Oedipus is slowly introduced to the miseries of this truth say where he could find his wife no wife, rather the dead-corpse of his mother (Sophocles 45). With his mother/wife dead, he could no longer handle the outcome of what his life came to be, so he no longer knows how to act, and is compelled to doing the most extreme of actions what followed snatching from her dress gold pins wherewith she was adorned, he lifted them, and smote the nerves of his own eyeballs, say that they should see no more (Sophocles 45).Oedipus could not put up with the realization so instead, he opted to annul his sight. He could no longer bear the physical world and chose to focus on the psychological savage that accompanies the contemplation of the truth What deity was it that with a leap so great farther than farthest sprang on thy sad fate? Woe is me, woe is me for thee unfortunate (Sophocles 46). As blood is shrieking out of his eyes, he blinds himself in agony, demonstrating that nothing is worse than looking at the miserable truth.The irony is that even though he no longer has sight he can now finally see the truth of the prophecy. As said when he was king, whoever the murderer was to be exiled from Thebes, so in order to fulfill this statement, he ask s Creon, the new king lead me to exile straight Lead me, O my friends, the worst of murderers, or mortals most accurst, yeah and to Gods chief object of their hate. (Sophocles 48). In addition to the demand of exile, he also asks Creon to take care of his daughters, as he can no longer bear the sight f them Knowing what is left of acrimonious in the life which at mens hands you needs must henceforth hump (Sophocles 53).This shows that Oedipus is talking to his daughters and telling them the truth, which is that no one will want to marry them because they were born from an incestuous marriage and because of this, they will be excluded from this society the horrors of his actions cease to stop. Oedipus is then exiled from the city, expressing to Gods, above all men, I am a mark for hat (Sophocles 53). Oedipus loses his sight and family, exiled from the city of Thebes, but gains the truth and lives in humility.Oedipus hubris was a mixture of rage and pride that unfortunately was pos sessed. The Greeks believed that this sin was grave and one of the most dangerous because people with such pride thought that they were above the Gods. Seeing that Oedipus arrogance is so strong as a consequent it led to his downfall. Therefore the result of hubris led him to a tragic fate. It is only when Oedipus plucks out his eyes that he returns to a human state. Oedipus character brings out his hubris, hamartia and recognition that enable it to fit under the concept of Aristotles complex plot.