“Eleanor Rigby” by The Beatles Essay Example for Free

Eleanor Rigby by The Beatles EssayEleanor Rigby is an original breed written by John Lennon and capital of Minnesota McCartney of the one of the most famous bands of every(prenominal) time, the Beatles. The song was about the indistinct story of a woman named Eleanor Rigby who lived a heartrending and desolate animation. The still and savvy life of Eleanor Rigby seemed to have followed her after her death as the song depicts the absence of quite a little neither her family nor friends during Eleanors funeral. Lennon and McCartney wrote, Eleanor Rigby died in the church, and was buried along with her name, nobody came. This especial(a) reap suggests the silent passing of Eleanor Rigby that is, as if she never existed when she was still alive, and when she died, her name got lost in the sea of people who were born and have died without leaving whatsoever sign of their existence. In general, Eleanor Rigby represents all the only(a) people in the world who suffer the sam e emptiness and insignifi hatfulce. Considering the structure and the content of the song Eleanor Rigby, it may be classified as a ballad for various reasons.The defined characteristics of a ballad fit the structure and content of the song. For one, the song tells a story (Characteristics of a Ballad), although indistinct, about the unpretentious life of Eleanor Rigby and the involvement of Father McKenzie in her interment. The indistinctiveness of Eleanor Rigbys story entails the reading between the lines and the direct interpretation and assumption of her life and how Lennon and McCartney related it to the sea of lonely faces that live and die not knowing who they are, what theyre supposed to do, and such.Second, the story of Eleanor Rigby is told through simple, uncomplicated language (The Ballad). One can easily deduce what her life was all about, although the meaning necessitates a deeper look and understanding, the main idea of the song is clearly understood from the lyrics. Other features of the song that score its categorization as a ballad includes its dramatic and somber tone, the direction of the first few lines of the song which directly takes the reader or the listener toward cataclysm, and the boil down of the song which is on a particular situation or experience.(Characteristics of a Ballad) The feeling of loneliness and sadness is felt throughout the song, from the first line to its last. The repetitive tone of being abandoned and deserted is reflected leaving behind a depressive and sad state of mind. (Price) Next, the first line, Ah, look at all the lonely people, smashes directly into the catastrophic or tragic motif of the song that is the lonely life of Eleanor Rigby, and her seeming demise even before her actual bereavement. The focus of the song is on her life and how it relates to other lives that are plagued by uselessness and non-existence.The more specific features of the song that are readily observable, depicting its inclinatio n to become categorised as a ballad, has something to do with the repetition of the lines throughout the song (The Ballad), particularly the following lines all the lonely people, where do they all come from, all the lonely people, where do they belong. In addition, the song was written on a third-person perspective, such that the author does not interfere with the events in the story constituting the song. The life of Eleanor Rigby was narrated in such a way that the author is identified as an observer or spectator.(The Ballad) Through the basic and observable characteristics of the song, one can break up it as a ballad. From the narrative tone of the song, to the uncomplicated or simple use of language in depicting the story, from the dramatic tone of voice, to the direct physical composition of catastrophe and tragedy, the repetition of various lines, the third-person perspective, and the single focus of the song, which is on the life of Eleanor Rigby and every other individu al she represents, everything comes together to form a lyrical ballad which is meant to be sang revealing various emotions of clarity. sWorks CitedThe Ballad. (N. D.) Retrieved from Grinell. 11 December 2008. http//www. cs. grinnell. edu/simpsone/Connections/Poetry/Forms/ballad1. html. Characteristics of a Ballad. (N. D. ) Retrieved from Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 11 December 2008. http//www. sip. uiuc. edu/people/rromero/notes/corrido_characteristics. htm. Price, Richard. (2008). REVEALED The Haunting Life Story Behind One of Pops Most Famous Songs Eleanor Rigby. Retrieved from Associated Newspapers Ltd. 11 December 2008. http//www. dailymail. co. uk/femail/article-1088454/REVEALED-The-haunting-life-story-pops-famous-songsEleanor-Rigby. html

Men Are Better Leaders Essay Example for Free

Men Are Better Leaders EssayWo custody in high-level leadership positions, such as corporate CEOs, when studied, seem to exhibit the similar sorts of leadership behaviors as their male counterparts. That is probably because the demands of the leadership role require certain actions and behaviors to succeed. In addition, because of the hurdles that women must leap to get to the top (leadership and gender expert, Alice Eagly, refers to this as the labyrinth that women, but not men, need to go through), it could be the case that only women who exhibit the same sorts of leadership styles and behaviors as male leaders make it through. So, studying leaders at the top, gives the impression that there are no big differences in how men and women lead. You get a somewhat different picture if you ask followers and leaders about male and female leaders. They notice differences that are in puff with stereotypes about men and women, reporting that female leaders are more(prenominal) than nurturing, empathic, and responsive than male leaders, but they will also report the negative align (e. g. , moody). Male leaders, on the other hand, are perceived to be more action-oriented and more focused on tasks.As a Catalyst study concludes that harmonize to leaders and followers in the workplace, women leaders take care, men leaders take charge. Realize, however, that this involves peoples perceptions of leaders, colored by stereotypes and expectations. Finally, there is a growing body of research that has studied the leadership styles and leadership potential of men and women, typically men and women managers (but also women in non-managerial positions).For example, using the theory of transformational leadership as an indicator of happy leadership (transformational leaders are inspirational, positive role models, concerned about followers, empowering, and push followers to be creative and take chances), research shows that women, as a group, have more transformational qualities than men. In other words, and based on this research, women have more leadership potential and tend to lead more utilely than men (I discussed this in an earlier post). So, what are the implications?Well, as attitudes about women leaders change (they are changing, albeit ever so slowly) and the labyrinth becomes less difficult to navigate, we expect more to women attain high-level leadership positions. Noted leadership scholar, Bernard Bass, predicted that by the year 2034 the majority of high-level leaders will be women, based on their more transformational qualities. Of course, men in leadership positions are also realizing that the old way of leading taking charge (command and control) may not be as effective in todays world and in the future, so they learn to adapt and change how they lead.

The Berjaya Beach Resort Tioman Island Marketing Essay

The Berjaya bank asylum Tioman Island Marketing Essay1. IntroductionThe Berjaya Beach holiday resort Tioman Island in Malaysia is located on the Tioman Island with international standards. The resort is located of the East Coast of Peninsula Malaysia and is spread across 200 acres. This individual paper reverse leave assess the marketing strategies that Berjaya dawdle adapted and a structured recommendation on how the resort hotel can improve their performance 2. Porters 5 gouge AnalysisPorters model determines the competitiveness of an organization using the five assorted forces and shows how the forces be related. To develop employment strategies effectively, organizations essential understand and act in chemical reaction to those forces. (Porter, 1985) Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Competitive rivalry analysis is one of the key areas that avocation mustiness figure to determine business strategy that firm must adopt and implement always over date (Wood, 1994) (Porter, 1985). The hotel business now days are very(prenominal) practically competitive. With millions of tourist travels every year, luxurious hotel is the start survival of the fittest for most tourists. Having numerous competitors in market (e.g. Jampala Resort) the competition between players are intense (Burgess, 1982). For example, foreign tourists are state to having amplyer buying powers then will search for high end luxuries. That works behind the reason why companies constantly compete for better fruits and attractive expenses. In order to be leader is luxurious market, Berjaya Tioman Resort has to offer unique offers (E.g golf course, selection of cuisine) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). This force is in favor of Berjaya Tioman Resort. Threat of New EntrantsThreat of juvenile entrants may consider the ease of new entry, competitive advantages, place and parts, guests, government support etc (Porter, 1985). To open a new luxurious hotel by a nonher(prenominal) firm in Tioman would be quite wasy since there are not much restrictions imposed by local governments. Local government, however chooses to advise the existing hotels to improve their business rather than consider letting play new competitors. Besides, consumer now days doesnt seek much luxurious hotel instead they would prefer bud hurt hotel. Thus new entry to comfy hotel business is therefore deep (Nailon, 1982). This force is not in favor of Berjaya Tioman Resort. Threat of Substitute Product and Services This force is express to pack much influence in Berjaya Tioman Resort business strategy in recent old age. There force embroils factors such as product for product substation, need, facilities, budget etc (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985)(Porter, 1985). Berjaya Tioman Resort not only requires looking after new entrants as threat but also substituted product and serve up as a major threat. When there is matter of hospitality, its consumers choice what they chose to take. For example, A lavishness spa may cost few hundreds of Ringgit which may be proven cheapest for similar cast in other dedicated spa shops. For one night stopper, back packers and Berjaya Tioman Resort doesnt have any special prices which usually find their way in budget hotel. This force is against Berjaya Tioman Resort (Burgess, 1982) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). Bargaining Power of BuyersThis force consists of high income, large service provider, low switching cost etc (Porter, 1985). Before economic recession, consumers were having high incomes and seek to a greater extent luxuries. As there are choices available in the market, Berjaya Tioman Resort has to react very quickly to retain client intention to be their choice of providing world class hospitality in possible lowest price (Lewis, 1988). Consumers will definitely seek most affordable having all facilities they mandatory and so, hospitality firms have to struggle of adopts the new trends, lifestyle as quickly as possible to offe r their loyal customers (Slattery, 1983). However, as there are not much luxurious hotels in Tioman, travelers only limited option is this beach resort. This force is in favor of Berjaya Tioman Resort. Bargaining power of providersThis force may include switching cost, high purchase cost etc (Porter, 1985). Raw material suppliers play an important role in firms business growth (Tideman, 1983). A foodstuff supplier may not offer todays price tomorrow due of supply shortage (Middleton, 1983). Thus to offer catering to guest, Berjaya Tioman Resort has to purchase the same stuffs in high prices which will be sum of large amounts of money (Burgess, 1982). If this extra money is to be imposed on guests, this would result Berjaya Tioman Resort loosing business. Besides, switching to another supplier would be a severe choice too (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988). This force is not in favor of Berjaya Tioman Resort (Khan and Olsen, 1988) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). From the above analysis of Berjaya T ioman Resorts 5 forces analysis, the diagram below will provide a summary of the firms overall industry analysis.3. Micro and Macro purlieu strategy Analysis3.1 Micro Environment Strategy (TOWS Matrix) Strength-Opportunities StrategiesBerjaya Tioman Resort hotels have a good reputation in hospitality business and a large amount of customer chain. Introducing low cost packages for travelers will means a true hospitality to the existing customer as well as for new customers (Slattery, 1983). Berjaya Tioman Resorts wide range of services may be available to nation of all income level (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988). Strength-Threat StrategiesRetain the talented and well managed employees for a smoother business in future could be proven snappy (Pfeifer, 1983). Berjaya Tioman Resort should ways perform task variation, and frequent conversation will all employees to preserve dispute. Employee may be shifted to international chains to gain sense so that they would be loyal to the firm (B urgess, 1982). Weakness-Opportunity StrategiesHigh hospitality in low price is definitely a go ahead step Berjaya Tioman Resort could adopt to overcome its weakness (King, 1995). Now that, market is been volatile, Berjaya Tioman Resort may consider leaving high scale profit to high range of customer levels to make its facilities open to all customers (Pfeifer, 1983). For example, golf course facility should be opened to all hotel guests not only for guest who additionally buy the facility. Berjaya Tioman Resort may not loose much amount of money but it would be proven a customer oriented approach (Jones, 1996). Weakness-Threats StrategiesPoor customer service (and poor communication problem) has been shouted long as major drawbacks for Berjaya Tioman Resort hotels. Sometimes customer has been given several(prenominal)thing that is not asking for and has been charged for that give tongue to services (Middleton, 1983). Price structure very often is not described to customer before offering frankincense it brings confusion. In hotel customer services is very crucial to maintain in very high level at always and customer must get the price focus than anything else (Lewis, 1988) (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985).3.2 Macro Environment Strategy (PESTE Analysis)A PESTE Analysis is an analysis of external macro-environmental factor that affects firms business. PESTE is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Environmental issues that influences the strategic development of a business. These issues are different in different locations and thus business firms may adopt different strategies in different countries where it operates to identify the business opportunities as well as threats. This assessment task would consider the worldwide strategy of Berjaya Tioman Resort (King, 1995). PoliticalPolitical factors include government rules, standards and legal issues under which the firm must operate and adhere (Nailon, 1982)(Wood, 1994). The issues discussed are environmental regulation and protection, political stability, corporate and consumer taxation, framework for contract enforcement, intellectual property protection, trade regulations, trading partners, anti-trust laws, pricing, mandatory employee benefits, industrial safety regulations, product labeling requirements, competition regulation etc (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988). The political movement can have definite effects on hotel business in Malaysia. For example, if government set a rules under 18 years patrons must be accompanied with parents or guardians, it may result the decrease of young visitors. Imposing high goods and service tax (GST) or similar taxes would prevent more people to visit the hotel more often. By loosing these potential customers, Berjaya Tioman Resort may loose income and may need increase products and services to recover losses. though Berjaya Tioman Resort groups are committed to use high scale safety standards, Malaysian government rules may n ot give permission to operate business due to safety reason (like hill, low lying areas) even though there may have choice if business growth (Middleton, 1983). If the government plans to subsidies some of the service it provides (e.g. for disabled or senior citizens), the hotel may gain profits as well as increase services. Thus political actions may have both negative and positive impact on hotel business (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988) (Berjaya Tioman Resort Worldwide, 2009). EconomicEconomic factors positively effects hospitality business. It determines how easy or difficult to sustain in a business along with capital, cost, demand, monetary policy, unemployment rates, exchange rates of foreign currencies, tax on exchanges (Wood, 1994). When economic growth is high, consumers income level raises thus demand for hospitality will increase too. Since the recent economic recession started, hospitality business was hit badly and it is yet to recover from the losses incurred. improver of rates would prevent hotelier to seek for alternative choices (e.g. budget hotel or even home stay). In Malaysia, hotel accommodation prices are not much higher than any other countries around the world. Nevertheless, consumers income level didnt rise up much and they fell the stringent budget allocation for daily needs. Very few people will consider spending holidays in luxurious hotels if they dont afford to. A higher income or wages will allow domestic traveler to get high class hospitality in high class hotels (King, 1995). SocialSocial factors are income level, demographics, geographies, life style, education, weather, culture and fashions (Wood, 1994). Social factors can be both opportunities and threats for a hospitality business (Lewis, 1988). Different age or sex of people would require different services (Slattery, 1983). Elderly people demand is not similar to young people. Business people will seek to have more work related facilities (e.g. internet, video conference) whi le holiday makers would seek more natural touch (e.g. garden, fishing) (Burgess, 1982). Cultural differences are a major play in hospitality business. While local people like crowd and gossip, tourist would seek for quiet and silent place as they plan holiday. Season is also an important factor (Middleton, 1983). Year end and holiday season are peak time for hotel business while therere not much crowd during working days or off-peak season. Most travelers are affected by bad weather and usually dont think for leisure during extreme either condition especially in rainy season (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). Technological This is the century of technology sweetening so does business. Aggressive development of technological factors brought rapid growth for hotel business (Slattery, 1983). The factors may include spend on technological inquiry government suit focus industry based technology, new invention and their impacts, communication alternatives, speed of tec hnology transfer, cost of usage, rate of technological diffusion (King, 1995). Berjaya Tioman Resorts business will broadly depend on technological factors. Customers from around the world is now able to evaluate the products and services provided by Berjaya Tioman Resort through the respective websites, compare prices, seek advice and even can reserve a facility as early as one year prior to arrival. Berjaya Tioman Resort group itself placed much effort to keep the website simple and user friendly so that visitor will not feel difficulty to find any available information. either latest service or products can reach to millions of customers through the website or communications (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985). Providing details of every facility Berjaya Tioman Resort placed itself to the top choice of any search engines. Traveler from any part of the world can communicate in real time with Berjaya Tioman Resort representative and made their choices, payments etc (Burgess, 198 2). Besides, for in-hotel customer, Berjaya Tioman Resort offers state-of-the art high speed wireless, video communications, and teleconferencing, to keep guests always in touch with outside world. These services received a bug thumbs up since it was introduced and continuously keep enhancing technology to stay ahead in business (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988). EnvironmentalEnvironmental factors have been considered important factors for large organizations which particularly operated worldwide (Wood, 1994). This factor includes environmental responsibility, improvement of performance towards sustainable future, guest and team commitment to environments, reuse and recycle materials etc (Khan and Olsen, 1988). As of present days, Berjaya Tioman Resort promised to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions and risky create by 20% and water consumption by 10%. These steps ahead will place the firm in lead position and will increase reputation by means (Berjaya Tioman, 2009).4. Recommendation (SMART Objectives)SMART objectives refer to an acronym for five measures of well marketing growth plan. Often these measures are use to define firms objectives and future goals and evaluation of marketing plan. Specific (What to do? For who? With whom)Any marketing strategy should be specific and certain(a). Confusion on goals will bring ambiguous results which may prove fatal for a hospitality business like Berjaya Tioman Resorts. Well specified business goals, responsible resources, affected peoples, impact on the firms business should be well defined in this stage (Burgess, 1982). Measurable (Is measurable? How to measure?)Of course, once the marketing plan and objectives are specified, a certain quantity or quality must be assigned to determine the success or failure of the process (Pfeifer, 1983). As an example, for future expansion, Berjaya Tioman Resort plans to fly high 50 campaigns in next years. 50 is a measurable amount. So then, if the actual success rate is only 30 c ampaigns, it can be said that, the plan didnt succeed fully (Khan and Olsen, 1988). Achievable (Can it be done within the resource available?)Future marketing depends upon many aspects specially political, economical and favorable aspects. If a sudden change on policies, 50 campaigns may not be possible within the said budget. Re- calculation might predict a lower scale of marketing size (Jones, 1996) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). Relevant (Does this step lead to expected outcome?)Once achievable measurement are defined, Berjaya Tioman Resort must consider whether 50 campaigns would be viable specially consider the recent economic downturn. In some places, consumer may not afford to get Berjaya Tioman Resorts service especially poor developed areas where tourism sectors are not blooming, offering a luxury hotel service may not provide desired output (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988) (Berjaya Tioman, 2009). Time-Framed (How much time need to get the objectives done?)Time is a very important fact or for any objectives to be proven very lucrative or even failure. Timely decision and timely implementation is the crucial mixture of time-frame (Pfeifer, 1983). For any marketing strategy, Berjaya Tioman Resort must choose the right time to go ahead and put a hold when the time is not right (Taylor and Edgar, 1996). When demand competition is high, Berjaya Tioman Resort may offer lower price for customers which may includes unique packages for a limited time (Khan and Olsen, 1988). ReferencesBurgess, J. (1982), Perspectives on gift exchange and hospitable behavior, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 1 No.1, pp.49-57. Edgar, R., Umbreit, W. (1988), Hospitality research re-assessing our strategy, The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 29 No.2, pp.51-6. Berjaya Tioman (2009), Berjaya Tioman, last accessed on 28th December 2009, available at http//www.berjayahotel.com/tioman/index.asp Jones, P. (1996), The hospitality industry, in Jones, P . (Eds), Introduction to Hospitality Operations, Cassell, London, pp.1-20. Khan, M., Olsen, M. (1988), An overview of research in hospitality education, The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 29 No.2, pp.54-5. King, C. A. (1995), What is hospitality?, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 14 No.3/4, pp.219-34. Lewis, R. (1988), Uses and abuses of hospitality research, The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 29 No.3, pp.11-12. Middleton, V.T. (1983), Marketing in the hospitality industry, in Cassee, E.H., Reuland, R. (Eds),The Management of Hospitality, Pergamon, Oxford, pp.51-68.. Nailon, P. (1982), Theory in hospitality management, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 1 No.3, pp.135-43. Pfeifer, Y. (1983), Small business management, in Cassee, E.H., Reuland, R. (Eds),The Management of Hospitality, Pergamon, Oxford, pp.189-202. Porter, M E. (1985) Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining Superio r Performance, New York The Free Press. Reuland, R., Choudry, J., Fagel, A. (1985), Research in the field of hospitality, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 4 No.4, pp.141-6. Slattery, P. (1983), Social scientific methodology and hospitality management, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 2 No.1, pp.9-14. Taylor, S., Edgar, D. (1996), Hospitality research the emperors new clothes?, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 15 No.3, pp.211-27. Tideman, M. C. (1983), External influences on the hospitality industry, in Cassee, E.H., Reuland, R. (Eds),The Management of Hospitality, Pergamon, Oxford, pp.1-24. Wood, R. C. (1994), Some theoretical perspectives on hospitality, in Seaton, A.L. (Eds),Tourism The State of the Art, John Wiley Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp.737-42.

Pancreatitis: Causes and Symptoms

Pancreatitis Causes and SymptomsAcute PancreatitisIntroductionPancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. It is widely accepted that it is ca utilise by pancreatic enzymes digesting their own gland. This leads to inflammation of the pancreas.There argon two principal(prenominal) forms of pancreatitis, shrill and chronic. In slap-up pancreatitis the pancreas can usually heal itself without any lasting changes to function or structure of the gland.If the pancreas heals but because inflammation reoccurs intermittently and causes irreversible changes to structure and function then it is known as chronic pancreatitis (1).PathophysiologyThe exact mechanism is not fully understood however it is believed that the initial events deplete place within the acinar cells of the pancreas. Injury of the acinar cells leads to an inflammatory reaction localized within the cells. If this inflammation is excessive it can lead to a systemic inflammatory solution.The inflammatory process can cause systemic effects because of the presence of cytokines, such as bradykinins and phospholipase A. These cytokines may cause vasodilation, increase in vascular permeability, put out, and leukocyte accumulation in the vessel walls all lede to inflammation. Fat necrosis may also occur causing hypocalcaemia and pancreatic B-cell injury leading to hyperglycemia (2).A marked systemic inflammatory reaction can lead to distant organ damage and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (1). This is the elementary cause of morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis.The disease progression can be seen in the following three steps1) Local inammation of the pancreas,2) A generalized inammatory response,3) Multi-organ dysfunction (1)When there is injury or disruption of the pancreatic acini pancreatic enzymes namely trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase leak into the pancreatic tissue. These enzymes become mad and initiate autodigestion and lead to acute pancreatitis.The activated enzymes bre ak down the pancreatic tissue and cell membranes which leads to oedema, and vascular damage which leads to hemorrhage and necrosis.Some patients who pose had a severe attack of pancreatitis who survive through the initial event die following a rather minor insult that would not be purport threatening normally. It is said that the two hit hypothesis comes in to play here. The initial excessive systemic inflammatory response primes the immune system so that if another event takes place (a small insult in comparison) for example a chest infection, the immune system is overwhelmed leading to an exaggerated inflammatory response which can lead to death (1).History and examinationThe main presentation of acute pancreatitis is epigastric pain or right upper quadrant pain radiating through to the back. In many patients sitting forward can relieve the pain a little. The patient would usually also complain of nausea, sick and fever. It is important to note a history of previous biliary col ic and binge inebriant consumption. The patient may also be tachycardic, tachypneic, hypotensive and mildly jaundiced (2).Abdominal tenderness, distension, guarding, and rigidity are quite common as are diminished or absent bowel sounds. If the inflammation should spread to the lungs then basilar rales may be celebrated on auscultation of the lung. In severe cases Grey Turner or Cullens sign may also be noted (2).AetiologyThere are many causes of pancreatitis. The most common causes being habitual chronic alcohol consumption and biliary stones. In western countries including the UK alcohol abuse is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis. A recent study paradeed that 44% of patients have alcohol as the primary risk factor for acute or chronic pancreatitis (3).Gall stones can cause pancreatitis as they may become wedged in the pancreatic duct or ampulla of Vater and jampack the pancreatic duct, leading to release of enzymes into the parenchyma.Other less common causes incl ude injury (e.g. post ERCP), drugs (such as NSAIDS, azathioprine), viruses (e.g. mumps), autoimmune conditions (e.g. SLE), hyperlipidaemia, malignancy and Scorpion and snake bites (4).Investigations to be make if pancreatitis is suspected1) Serum enzyme levels Serum amylase in pancreatitis is more than four times the normal value and lipase is twice the normal and this is diagnostic as there is no other source other than the pancreas, but this test is not always functional (5).2) Full blood count, U+E, glucose, CRP the CRP value is significantly lower in drug-induced acute pancreatitis and a raised bilirubin and serum aminotransferase is suggestive of gall stones. Low serum calcium levels are quite common in acute pancreatitis and hypocalcaemia is also relatively common.3) Plain erect abdominal x-ray this is done to exclude other causes of the symptoms such as intestinal obstructor or perforation.4) Chest x-ray this can show if there is a rise in one hemidiaphragm, acute respirat ory distress syndrome or pleural effusions which can occur in severe cases of acute pancreatitis.5) CT with contrast enhancement this can be diagnostic if clinical results were inconclusive. CT may show swelling, fluid collection and change in the density of the gland.6) Ultrasound this is useful to see if the pancreas is swollen and if the common bile duct is dilated. It can also observe gallstones (5).ManagementIn mild cases management is on a general medical ward. Analgesia is given to relieve the pain, usually with pethidine. Morphine is not usually used as it can have a spastic effect on the sphincter of Oddi (4). The patient is given intravenous fluids and not allowed to take anything my mouth. If the patient is honk severely then a nasogastic tube is considered. Oral fluids and solids can be taken once symptoms have cleared and blood tests are normal. The cause moldiness then be treated, for example if gallstones were the cause then they must be removed.The severity of panc reatitis is determined by the Glasgow score or Ranson criteria which looks at patient demographics, electrolytes and enzyme levels on admission and 48 hours later (see 1) Glasgow prognostic scoreRansons criteria* Age 55 years* WBC 15 x109/l* Urea 16mmol/l* Glucose 10mmol/l* pO2 * Albumin * Calcium * LDH 600 units/l* AST/ALT 200 unitsPresent on admission* Age 55 years* WBC 15 x109/l* Glucose 10mmol/l* LDH 600 units/l* SGOT 250 units/lDeveloping during first 48 hours* haematocrit fall 10%* Urea increase 8mg/dl* Serum Ca * Arterial O2 saturation * Base deficit 4meq/l* Estimated fluid sequestration 600mlIn Severe cases the patent is treated in ITU. There is a high chance of multiple organ failure and infected pancreatic necrosis in these patients so if there is evidence to suggest this then intravenous antibiotics should be administered straight away.The patient should be fed via a nasogastric tube and where there are gallstones present and a high probability of a severe attack early E RCP should be done.Local ComplicationsPancreatic necrosis is likely if the CRP is rising and is affirm by a CT scan. Infection occurs in 30-70% of cases of necrosis and this trebles the mortality risk. Fluid collections occurs in 30-50% of patients with acute pancreatitis but in most cases resolves spontaneously. Pancreatic abscess, acute pseudocysts and pancreatic ascites can also occur (6).Systemic complicationsThese include pulmonary oedema, pleural effusions and ARDS with regards to the respiratory system and hypovolamenia and shock with regards to the cardiovascular system. Other complications include disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, renal dysfunction, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperglycaemia and GI haemorrhage (6).SummaryAcute pancreatitis is a disease in which there is inflammation of the pancreas. Acute abdominal pain and eliminate are the most common symptoms and increased serum concentrations of the enzymes amylase and lipase can confirm the diagnosis. Inju ry to the pancreas is mild in 80% of patients who recover well without complications. The rest have a more severe disease and present with local and systemic complications.Alcohol abuse and gall stones are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis in adults and treatment of mild pancreatitis is supportive and more serious disease needs intervention from quite a few members of the multidisciplinary team (5).Improving the taking into custody of the pathophysiology and better investigation of the disease severity should improve the management and outcome of this compound disease (5).ReferencesBhatia M,Wong FL, Cao Y, Lau HY, Huang J, Puneet P, Chevali L. Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology online. 2005 5(2-3)132-44. cited 2009 Dec 4 Available from URLhttp//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15849484Ghattas K, Samer S Deeba. Pancreatitis. E medicine online. 2009 cited 2009 Nov 21. Avalable from URL http//emedicine.medscape.com/article/775867-overviewWhitcomb DC, Yadav D, Adam S, Hawes RH, Brand RE, Anderson MA, et al.Multicenter approach to recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis in the United States the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 (NAPS2).Pancreatology online. 2008 8(4-5)520-31. cited 2009 Dec 1 Available from URLhttp//www.medscape.com/medline/abstract/18765957Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T, Cheung CK. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine (Oxford Handbooks Series) 6th edition. Oxford university press 2008Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. The Lancet online. 2008 12371(9607)143-52. cited 2009 Nov 23 available from URL http//www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(08)60107-5/abstractWillacy H, Kavanagh S. Acute Pancreatitis. Patient Plus UK online. 2008. cited2009 Nov 29 Available from URL http//www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Acute-Pancreatitis.htm

Health Policy Regarding To Smoking Health And Social Care Essay

health Policy Regarding To Smoking Health And Social C be EssayThis essay allow for demonstrate the g all overnment health policies regarding to consume including with changes in health wangle field from the teaching of NHS with current scenario. It is important to know what is insurance policy. Policy is a collection of different ideas and methods which is workoutd for the improvement in any field including health cargon and on the other come about, health policy is a practical device, or advantageous procedure and political line of action Hennessy, D. Spurgeon, P., 2000. Health policies may be apologizeed as the strategies methods adopted as being advantageous, measure to provide within the recourses available from health systems that, at to the lowest degree maintain and preferably improves health.As time is changed there is changed in people thinking, behavior and their lifestyle receivable to this reason the consumption of cig bette pot in society is increased f rom last few decades. Smoking has been recognised as one of the most considerable causes of avoidable death and illness. Smoking alone is the supreme cause of preventable illness and premature death in UK and smoking is responsible for 23 Percent in males and 12 Percent in egg-producing(prenominal) deaths. There is more than than 106,500 deaths are due to cigarette smoking (Wilkinson S. et al, 2004). Smoking is defined as the inhalation and exhalation of fume from flaming tobacco in cigarettes, cigars and pipes etc. Historically smoking put into practice, was followed by inhabitants of western hemisphere, in spiritual rituals and for therapeutic purposes. Smoking has a history preliminary from the late 1500s.Cigarette smoking is a serious health hazard. Tobacco contains nicotine a toxic substance named alkaloid -and whatsoever others dangerous stuff like carbon monoxide, prussic acid, and ammonia etc which are genuinely harmful for the health. The current scenario of smoking in England have fallen from 28 percent in 1998 to 25 percent in 2003-means approximately 1.2 million little flakes of hatfulrs (Department of health,2003). collect to smoking , one in five deaths held in UK and boobrs lose, Tobacco smoke asshole causes the 90 percent of lung genus Cancer then non smokers(Peterson and Peto,2004) Neubeck, L., 2006. It is evaluate that or so 120,000 young men who aged between 30 and 50 years in the United kingdom are impotent as a consequence of smoking British Medical Association(BMA) , 2004.The main aim and purposes for choosing this topic is to study smoking policy in united kingdom and to improve knowledge somewhat current health policies on local take or at national level and to see the statistical data of smoking utmost and what are the government policies regarding the smoking cessation in the society for different age groups and to discuss the need, origination and operation of policies in health care. To develop the understanding a bout health care system in the United Kingdom and to improve knowledge about NHS as an organization and its role and policies in health care system.Smoking is considered very dangerous for health not only for an individual but for the nation also because many billion pounds every year drip by NHS for prevention. Smoking is a causing factor of many diseases which is related to our health and environment directly or indirectly such as continuing obstructive pulmonary disease, heart diseases lifestyle related problems and behavioral problems. Due to smoking, people become habitual and then it is hard to come out from this moorage or if a person suddenly set forth then it gives some harmful effect to our body. Smoking affects the person and it personal effects others through second hand smoking and passive smoking. if a pregnant women involves in any kind of smoking during pregnancy then, this is not only harmful to her but also to her bollocks up too and the results are baby del iver with some congenital anomalies.In the UK (Department of health, 1998) illustrates that, approximately 23% in 1995 and 15% in 2009 babies were born with disabilities who were delivered from smoker mothers. So the government introduced new health policy on smoking ,Choosing health (Department of Health, 2007) introduced the smoke free public policy which says that no is allowed to do smoking in public place such as malls, buses and railway station etc.. This policy included with, to regulate the way of smoking is portrayed on television and on advertisement in newspapers and mark health warning notice on tobacco products. There are some causing factors which enhance or march on youth to involve in smoking such as now a days it shows as a symbol of prestige and personality which effects the youth and children. Specially children are more prone to be affected by smoking directly or indirectly because they learn from elders and they are more curious to learn and try everything and on health effect their lungs are small compare to adults and their immunity is low and they are more prone to frig around and harmful effect of cigarette smoke. According to human anatomy children breaths faster than the adults and hence they inhale more toxins and harmful chemicals as compare to adults.Smoking female genitalia cause many diseases it affects the respiratory system and can lead to diseases like cancer, bronchitis etc. .It also causes the headache and short circulation, bad breath and stomach cancer and cancer of the pancreas ( Peterson and Peto,2004).According to Department of health (2005) in the general adult population for 2001 still shows that approximately 28 percent of men and 25 percent of women smoke (Department of health 2005). There are some other effects of smoking cessation like restlessness, waking up at night, increased appetite, Depression, Mouth ulcers and cancers, with poor concentration on work (smoking and health, 2005).There are some other risk factors associated with the second-hand smoking. In adults it causes coughing, feeling sick and breathing problems and in babies and children much higher(prenominal) rate of cot death as compared to the children of non smokers. Higher chances of ear infection, complaints of coughs, sneezing and cold and flu (Source Jamrozik, 2005). Nowadays due to change in the disease exemplar people are thinking about their health .They expect to have smoking policies which slenderises the rate of smoking. Thinking of people Behavior and life style is changed. The disease rate of lung cancer, cardiovascular system and respiratory problems are increased due to smoking. In UK 12000 people are die in every year due to second-hand smoke (Jamerozik, 2005). In addition to this, smoking affects in a loss of productivity among workers, and ill health. A smoke free policy needs to be practical and impartial. Second-hand smoke is of two types Main stream and Side stream smoke.The Residential and Commerc ial operate (RCS) introduce that all public places including residential areas, offices areas will be smoke free. This policy comes into progress on Sunday 1st July 2007.Smoking Is forbid in all enclosed premises i.e. university buildings, covered walk ways. This policy applies to all university employees, students, residents and visitors etc. NHS Direct has a duty to promote and maintain the health of the community. It extends to the work environment, and thus help in promotion of general healthy being of all people. The NHS Direct policies not worried with people who smoke but with where they smoke and to prevent effects of smoking on visitors, and non smoking colleagues. It is also alarmed with the presence of carcinogenic substances in the vicinity of NHS Direct sites.From 1st July 2007, practically all enclosed places including work places in England will become smoke free, which will make sure a better and healthy environment, so that everyone can relax, travel and work fre e from second-hand smoke ( NHS Direct,2008 ).According to this policy smoking is prohibited in all working areas, such as centers and offices surroundings at all times, it will also includes after working hours periods and shifts as well as evenings and weekends and will also in the following ordinary areas meeting Room, kitchen areas, Store Room reception Areas. According to Health and Safety at work etc Act, 1974).In UK the Department of Health (NHS Direct, 2008) has taken achievement to increase the general awareness of the risks concerned with the second-hand smoke through the following countries first ever multimedia and command campaign. Funding to facilitate smoke free cities network and to help cities move towards smoke free on a voluntary basis. Almost all 50 percent in UK (there are 60,000 in the UK) and half of the Restaurants Association (10,500 group and individual restaurants).Benefits of Action and Second-Hand smoke Environment and Economic benefits for society indi vidual and industries includes The NHS expenditures is lessen through smoking prevalence. The costs from the sickness absence are reduced. It enhances safety benefits (such as reduced fire risks).The cleanliness and maintenance costs are reduced. The Action on smoking and health report relates to strategy of tobacco control for England and recommendations which reflects the current balance and reserved powers in England. By helping smokers to quit, harm of tobacco can be reduced. All health professionals should have the skills to provide basics to correspond smoking advice to the persons who smokes including the provision of treatment and referral to specialiser stop smoking services. There are medicinal products on the market to help the smoker to quit and they also provide substitutes of Nicotine products. The tobacco control community looks ahead to working with the government in shaping the new strategy and new era in tobacco control. The Department of Health, 2004 has set a f urther public sector agreement(PSA) targeted as to reduce the rate of smoking to 21 percent or less by 2010( 26 percent in 2002).According to a Report of Smoking in public places on 15th December 2005 was published by the House of Commons Health Committee. They command paper sets out the government response in the report. The aim of government to achieve reduction in smoking frequency through along with combination of policies, which will help 70 percent of smokers who they penury to quit.Smoking in pregnant women remains and issue of public health because the women who continued smoking during pregnancy, the infant born were hospitalized for a considerably more number of days (Petrou etal, 2005) midwives attitude to smoking and smoking cessation in pregnancy. The other national services highlights the danger of smoking like National Services Framework for heart diseases, cancer and children, young person and maternity services they highlights of the danger of smoking .The Health A ction Zone in England, April 1999 to March 2000. The fair paper Smoking Kills announced the new money for setting up the cessation services over a three year period. The NHS smoking cessation services will provide a new move towards help the people who compulsion to quit smoking. They provide specialist and intermediate services. In specialist smoking cessation services they provide intensive treatment, usually clinics, run by smoking cessation specialists, usually in form of group over the course period of 5-6 weeks. It also includes Nicotine Replacement Therapy. In intermediate services provided by the other health practitioners who have taken some kind of recognized training usually they provided on a one to one basis, their services also include Nicotine Replacement Therapy.The new evidences has made by committee in 2004 , which has based on the report of Scientific Committee On Tobacco and Health SCOTH,1998.They pay attention to the new organization between the secondhand smo ke and lung disease. They have published their latest report from SCOTH was along with the Choosing Health White Paper.Department of Health,2009. The carpool vehicles should need to display the No smoking signs (NHS, smoking in workplace.2009). The cost effectivity for government like NHS cost in overall smoking is estimated approximately 1.5 billion pounds a year. This cost will be reduced by fall the rate of smoking, about 1.7 percentage rate of smoking is reduced from 25 percent, then it means that about 100 million pounds are saved annually( ).The development of a smoke-free policy needs to be a practical and impartial. These policies are created to give staff guidance, patient and visitor clear guidance on what is acceptable. The government policy for smoking in the work places is that to reduced passive smoking all employers have to provide designated smoking areas outside the organization (Department of Health, 2009).Nowadays, the lifestyle of people has been changed the sm oking rate is increased in both men and women. Parents smoke in front of their children this leads to affects the children because the children are more curious to learn and they want to trial and experiment of smoking in their peer groups. In pubs and discos youth enjoying their parties with wine, alcohol and smoking. They start due to their peer pressure and thereafter they become habitual of smoking. People spend most of times outside from their homes and they live alone so they start drinking alcohol and smoking to reduce their boredom and tensions. Due to this kind of social impact on the people the rate of smoking is increased.Nurses play an significant role for delivering health policies in the society through the use of procreation program for on individual and to the community. Encourage people to attend workshop for the cessation of smoking provide them support to come out of this .Use the opportunities to explain the relationship between changes in health status and smok ing. They assess the smoking status of patients and to give advice all smokers to stop. They assist the people who interested in doing so. Health care practioners offer follow up and refer them to specialist stop smoking services if they required. For heavily accustomed smokers who are currently unable or to quit, there is also the possibility of switching to pure Nicotine products (which like the current medicinal products on the market, contain Nicotine only and other tobacco derivates).Smokers are addicted to Nicotine but they are harmed by the tar and toxins in tobacco. Now there is more than ever a need for increased efforts to promote tobacco education and the intervention amongst nurses in order for them to have the prospective to be credible and successful advisers to patients and the public.The community healths nurses are in very good position interfere with smokers. Many who want to give up smoking do so as a result of the health problem. So the problems in community in those nurses have a significant role to help them and community and community people to quit from this lethal problem. People who are habitual to smoke of if they want to quit from it then and nurses and government have to prepare policies to available to them substitute of smoking for example Nicotine Replacement therapy such as chewing gums. Asses the smokers to and help them to quit the smoking give them proper advice and suggestions and help them to take classes and join workshops to the smoking in the society. Advice them that take proper substitute of smoking instead of taking tobacco instance they may consume nicotine substances or the cigarettes and they also take some medical subanstances to reduce their smoking habit. the community health nurse should health to stop smoking . And there are faster acting NRT produce Department of Health, 2000ts available and are being developed in the current scenario. There are more and more treatments are becoming available for smoking c essation. It is a rapidly developing field in the society and there are some others methods like Hypnotherapy is suggested and Acupuncture therapy is beneficial. The care which is offered to the pregnant women would impact on society.In conclusion, many government policies have been implemented in local and national level for the development of people and encourage them to adopt healthy life style and stop smoking although the government gets several incomes from the sale of tobacco products. These policies and recommendations are taken from NHS and the department of health and implemented in the society. The harmful effects of smoking not only affect to the mother but also their baby in the womb and the impact of health care policies in health care system. It starts with the effects on the fetus and carries on throughout childhood.

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Who would have ever thought that a black boy from the vilify side of town in New Orleans would turn out to be one of the greatest jazz musicians to ever live? Louis Daniel Arm lovesome was born on August 4, 1901, in a place called the Battlefield New Orleans, to Mary and William Armstrong. However, when Louis was still an infant his father left their family and he went to go live with his grandmother. aft(prenominal) Louis turned five, he moved back in with his mother and sister, Beatrice, who Louis had come to call Mama Lucy. At just 7 eld old, Louis purchased his very introductory cornet, which he taught himself to play, and with it created his first vocal quartet. Then when Louis was 13, in celebration of the New Year, he set off a gun in the middle of the street. police arrested him, and sent him to the New Orleans Colored Reformatory, also known as The Waifs Home for Boys. During his sentence at the Waif Home, the Director of the band there took Louis chthonic his wing. Th e Director, Peter Davis, taught young Louis how to play the bugle. Mr. Davis also gave Louis his very first trumpet. It was at this point in Louis life that music gave him a direction and a purpose.after spending three years in the Waifs Home, Louis was released, he was 16 at the time. During this time, Louis had odd jobs like singing on corners, working on a chuck out wagon, cleaning graves, and selling coal for money. He used his earnings to help his family. In 1918, Louis married a prostitute by the name of Daisy Parker, they divorced in 1922. According to Combo USA, Louis mentioned later on that he believed it was a mistake to have married Daisy. After a bit of reflection, he did not consider that they were old enough to have gotten married. Louis met Joseph Oliver shortly bef... ...you are still able to pick out certain instruments. In fact, the first sound that I detect was the piano, then the trombone and the clarinet. Their harmonized sound is very distinct. Just as the l yrics, I am sure if you were to hear just the instrumental portion you would recognize it remunerate away.Overall Louis Armstrong made some great music during his time. Songs like, What a Wonderful World, were commercialized, and put into movies. Disney, in fact, used quite a few songs by Mr. Armstrong in their movies. Sadly, music is not created this way anymore. Many artists use digital recording today, but that was not available for people like Mr. Armstrong and others. Mr. Armstrong also has a strong live performance. You can tell by his facial expressions, and interaction with the audience. If only musicians today appreciated music, the way people did 20 or 30 years ago.

Louis XIV :: essays research papers

Louis XIV was only four years old when he succeeded his start out to the cut throne. Often uncared for, he nearly drowned because no one was watching him as he played near a pond. This began to shape in his boyish mind an early fear of God.Louis character was also shaped by the French Civil War. In this, the Paris Parlement rose against the crown. For five years, Louis would suffer fear, cold, aridity and other spirit-brea king events. He would never forgive Paris, the nobles, or the common people.Finally, in 1653, Cardinal Jules Mazarin was able to end the rebellion. He began to instruct Louis on his position as king. Even though Louis XIV was now of age, the Cardinal remained the dominant authority in French politics.French kings gained respect as a soldier Louis served with the French army during Frances war with Spain. His biggest battle, however, was sacrificing his love for Mazarins niece for politics. In 1660 he married the daughter of the king of Spain to bring peace bet ween the two countries.Mazarin died abut 9, 1661. On March 10, Louis claimed supreme authority in France. Not since Henry IV had such a claim been made. Louis saw himself as Gods representative on earth, therefore, infallible. He oversaw roadbuilding, dally decorum, defense, and disputes within the church.He had the support initially of his ministers, then that of the French people. He had given France the image it desired-youth and vitality surrounded by magnificence. Louis won the favor of the nobles by making it evident that their future depended on their ability stay on his good side. This weakened the nobility, and would eventually weaken France.Louis had among his supportors a wide spectrum of individuals. Writers such as Moliere were ordered to glorify him. Monuments rose throughout the country and Louis had palaces built in his honor. The most elaborate was Versailles, located outside Paris. Away from disease, Versailles also isolated the king from his people. The aristocr acy became mysterious.France was also undergoing an economic revolution. Exports were increased, and a navy, merchant marine, and police association emerged. Roads, ports and canals were being built. He invaded the Spanish Nederlands in 1667. The restarted war between France and Spain would be on again, off again for the remainder of Louis reign.In 1668, the French army retreated under pressure from Dutch and English forces. Louis swore to defeat the Dutch and ruin their Protestant mercantile republic.